Antioxidant Vitamins and Lipoperoxidation in Non-pregnant, Pregnant, and Gestational Diabetic Women: Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility Profiles

Abstract

BackgroundInconsistent reports are available in the literature regarding the oxidative status and antioxidant capacity during the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. Present study was aimed to evaluate oxidative stress during the development of gestational diabetes and to evaluate antioxidant capability in non-pregnant (control), pregnant and gestational diabetics.MethodsThe study consisted of non-pregnant, healthy pregnant and patients suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Each group consisted of 23 women. We compared their oxidative and anti-oxidative system in blood. Their blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant vitamins (C, E, A) were determined and compared to evaluate the oxidative status and anti-oxidative capacity of these groups. We have also compared the osmotic fragility profiles of the erythrocytes of these groups.ResultsPlasma MDA content in pregnant was significantly higher compared to non-pregnant (p < 0.001, 67.5%) and even in gestational diabetics; its value was found significantly further elevated (p = 0.001, 13.8%) compared to healthy pregnant. There was significant decline (p < 0.001, 41.9%) in the level of vitamin C in pregnant as compared to non-pregnant. Although in GDM the decrease was significant (p = 0.025, 20.6%) but comparatively lesser when compared to healthy pregnant. Vitamin E showed the increase of 9.6% during pregnancy, although this alteration was non-significant (p = 0.09), but the level was found to decline significantly (p < 0.001, 25.5%) in GDM compared to pregnant group. Vitamin A contents were also decreased in pregnant (p = 0.002, 17.4%) compared to non-pregnant and in GDM (p = 0.012, 11.2%) compared to pregnant group. Osmotic fragility (O.F.) profiles showed insignificant (p = 0.325) enhanced mean erythrocyte fragility (MEF) in pregnant but this increase was significant (p = 0.003) in case of GDM. The O.F. profiles of pregnant and GDM erythrocytes got shifted to the right side of the control one.ConclusionsOur findings indicate highly enhanced lipid peroxidation and significant depletion in antioxidant capacity during the development of gestational diabetes, and these alterations are not the cause but the consequence of GDM. However, further studies are warranted to examine a wider range of biochemical parameters to evaluate the potential risks of oxidative damage in GDM.KeywordsGestational diabetes; Oxidative stress; Anti-oxidants; Vitamins C, E, A; Osmotic fragility; Non-pregnant; Pregnant; GDM

Antioxidant Status in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia upon Multivitamin-Mineral Supplementation in the Region of Vojvodina

“…But even in normal pregnancy there is evidence of oxidative stress. Pregnancy was associated with decreased total antioxidant capacity, lower serum levels of individual vitamins and increased levels of lipid hydroperoxides [3], [21]. These biochemical changes may be relevant for the long-term cardiovascular health of women, especially those of high parity or those who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (e.g.…”

“…In patients with PE urin, we also measured total protein levels using a modified dye binding method of Fujita et al [21], using commercial Siemens kits (Siemens Health Care Diagnostics, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA ).…”

Stres oksydacyjny indukowany hiperglikemią w cukrzycy ciążowej (GDM)

“…Numerous studies have revealed increased MDA and TBARS levels in maternal and cord blood as well as in placenta from pregnancies complicated by GDM (Tab. 1) [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Additionally, MDA level has been found to positively correlate with blood glucose concentration [40].…”

“…tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbate (vitamin C), and carotenoids (vitamin A), in GDM are both contradictory and confusing [44,50,54,55,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

Assessment of lipid and protein peroxidation markers in non-pregnant and pregnant female dogs

“…Evidence for this concept can be found in studies demonstrating elevated levels of oxidative stress markers during normal pregnancy in women (Wickens at al. 1981, Iioka 1994, Toescu et al 2002, Myatt and Cui 2004, Suhail et al 2011). This increased oxidative stress has also been reported in several pathologic pregnancies in women (Bedaiwy et al 2004, Myatt and Cui 2004, Wender-Ozegowska et al 2004, Juaniaux et al 2005, Harun et al 2009, Al-Naemi et al 2012.…”