Antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Asplund, Kjell

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00973.x

Cited by 191 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…198 (106) 225 (100) 230 (108) 251 (105) .7) 11.3 (5.6) 11.0 (6.7) 10.1 (5.2) 0.040 % Vegetables-pulses , intervention studies with b-carotene supplementation have failed to demonstrate a significant risk reduction in supplemented subjects (Liu et al, 1999;Tornwall et al, 1999;Asplund, 2002;Vivekananthan et al, 2003). This suggests that plasma b-carotene is a good marker of disease risk, but also that it may be modulated by other factors than its own intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar pattern has been observed for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and death for all causes. With few exceptions, cohort studies show a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and CVD among subjects with low concentrations of plasma b-carotene and, to a lesser extent, with low dietary (or supplemental) intake of carotenoids (Kritchevsky et al, 1995;D'Odorico et al, 2000;Hak et al, 2003Hak et al, , 2004Dwyer et al, 2004), but supplementation studies with b-carotene, either alone or in combination with other antioxidants, have demonstrated no effect in primary or secondary CVD prevention (Tornwall et al, 1999;Asplund, 2002;Vivekananthan et al, 2003). Finally, low-plasma b-carotene is associated with higher mortality for all causes, but b-carotene supplementation does not reduce the risk of death significantly (Greenberg et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the contribution of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet to plasma concentrations of b-carotene. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Public Health and Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Parma. Subjects: A total of 247 apparently healthy adult men (n ¼ 140) and women (n ¼ 107). Methods: A medical history, a physical exam including height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, a fasting blood draw, an oral glucose tolerance test and a 3-day food record. Results: We observe a negative trend across quartiles of plasma b-carotene for most biological variables clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome, as well as for traditional and new risk factors for type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including C-reactive protein and g-glutamyltranspeptidase (Po0.05). Regarding dietary characteristics, energy-adjusted intake of fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, b-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and dietary TAC significantly increased with increasing plasma b-carotene (Po0.05), whereas alcohol intake decreased (P ¼ 0.013). Adjusted geometric means (95% confidence interval) of plasma b-carotene significantly increased across quartiles of dietary TAC, even when single dietary antioxidants were considered in the model (QI ¼ 0.087 mg/dl (0.073-0.102); QII ¼ 0.087 mg/dl (0.075-0.103); QIII ¼ 0.114 mg/dl (0.098-0.132) and QIV ¼ 0.110 mg/dl (0.093-0.130); P for linear trend ¼ 0.026). When the population was divided on the basis of alcohol consumption, this trend was also observed in subjects drinking o20 g alcohol/day (P ¼ 0.034), but not in those with higher alcohol intake (P ¼ 0.448). Conclusions: Dietary TAC is an independent predictor of plasma b-carotene, especially in moderate alcohol drinkers. This may explain, at least in part, the inverse relationship observed between plasma b-carotene and risk of chronic diseases associated to high levels of oxidative stress (i.e., diabetes and CVD), as well as the failure of b-carotene supplements alone in reducing such risk. Contributors: SV participated in the study design and the collection of clinical data, performed the statistical analysis and was the primary writer of the paper, but received input from all the other authors. DDR contributed to the preparation of the paper, to laboratory analysis and to the study design. NP provided expert advice and was involved in paper editing and data interpretation. DA and LF participated in subjects' recruitment and management, in the collection and interpretation of clinical data and in the discussion of the paper. PMP and SS were involved in laboratory analysis and quality control. PR carried out the analysis of plasma b-carotene and provided expert advice on data interpretation. DDR, NP, SS and FB were responsible for the collection, completeness and interpretation of dietary data. IZ was responsible for ethical approval and subjects' recruitment. IZ and FB were responsible for the study concept and design and for sec...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

et al. 2006

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“…The results of this study indicate a high percentage of people who consume insuffi cient amounts of antioxidant vitamins, which have the ability to limit the formation of free radicals, lipid peroxides and modifi cation of LDL and lowering TC concentration in the blood (Asplund, 2002;Kłosiewicz-Latoszek et al, 2008;Waśkiewicz and Sygnowska, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Dietary gender differences in terms of the risk of atherogenesis in Poland

Śmidowicz

Reguła

2015

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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Introduction. Diet plays an important role in prevention of atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to assess differences in the dietary intake and nutritional status in women and men in terms of atherogenesis risk. Material and methods. The study involved 41 women and 49 men aged 40+. The nutrient intake was assessed using 7-day dietary records. The nutritional status was estimated on the basis of antropometric measurements and biochemical blood parameters. The differences between diets and the nutritional status depending on sex was evaluated by oneway analysis of variance. The dependencies between the nutritional status and the diet factors were assessed using multiple regression. Results and discussion. It was found that a signifi cant proportion of the women and men were overweight or obese, had lipid disorders and impaired fasting glucose. Diets of women and men were poorly balanced. A signifi cant correlation between the level of energy from protein, as well as the energy supply and the LDL cholesterol concetration was found in the women. A positive correlation between energy from protein as well as total energy in the diet and body weight, was observed in women and men. Moreover, protein intake was positively correlated with BMI and waist circumference among the men. In the men, the level of serum triglycerides correlated with an increase in dietary cholesterol and a decrease in energy value. Conclusion. This study indicates that an inadequate diet among both men and women represents a real health danger of developing atherosclerotic plaque.

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“…5 years) was not found to provide any benefit (37) . Further meta-analyses have shown that supplementation with antioxidants simply does not provide protection (45) .…”

Section: Intervention Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and CVD

Bruckdorfer

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The involvement of free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the pathology of inflammatory and degenerative disease has been widely accepted, although the centrality of these species to the outcome of these diseases is still a matter for debate. In the case of CVD, and particularly the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, the oxidation of LDL is of particular importance and appears to explain many of the events that occur during the life history of the plaque. The corollary of this situation is that antioxidants must be a benign force to protect the population from the modern scourge of heart disease. In fact, recent evidence from intervention studies with large doses of the antioxidant vitamins and other antioxidants in foods has been very disappointing. Here, the background for the belief that antioxidants ought to be beneficial is examined and an attempt made to explain why the results of these intervention studies have been unsuccessful. It is agreed that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables is protective for both CVD and cancer, but the explanation for this effect may not necessarily lie with the presence of antioxidants.

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Antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Cited by 191 publications

References 148 publications

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

Dietary gender differences in terms of the risk of atherogenesis in Poland

Antioxidants and CVD

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