Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Therapy: Panacea or False Hope?

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a key feature of the atherothrombotic process involved in the etiology of heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and peripheral arterial disease. It stands to reason that antioxidants represent a credible therapeutic option to prevent disease progression and thereby improve outcome, but despite positive findings from in vitro studies, clinical trials have failed to consistently show benefit. The aim of this review is to re-appraise the concept of antioxidants in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. In particular, the review will explore the reasons behind failed antioxidant strategies with vitamin supplements and will evaluate how flavonoids might improve cardiovascular function despite bioavailability that is not sufficiently high to directly influence antioxidant capacity. As well as reaching conclusions relating to those antioxidant strategies that might hold merit, the major myths, limitations, and pitfalls associated with this research field are explored.

Serum Pro-Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance, Advanced Oxidized Protein Products (AOPP) and Protein Carbonyl in Patients With Stroke

“…There are two main kinds of stroke with different causes. Ischemic strokes are the most common type (85% of cases) that occurs when the brain circulation is reduced by blocked arteries or plaques (5). The hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel in the middle or near surface of the brain leaks blood leading to a pressure on a special part of the brain (6,7).…”

“…The hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel in the middle or near surface of the brain leaks blood leading to a pressure on a special part of the brain (6,7). The pressure of aggregated blood in the space between brain and skull (8) and oxidative stress (5,9) may be other reason for hemorrhagic stroke (10). Re-cently researchers have focused on determination of oxidative biomarkers in stroke patients during acute phase and recovery (11,12).…”

The potential use of flavonoids as venoactive drugs and the role of citrus fruits

“…Certain Fls were reported to be toxic for insects or other organisms [5,33,34]. Presumably, Fls may act as mild toxin stimulating endogenous defense mechanisms [35], so that their abundant intake is not a priori beneficial especially for individuals with compromised defense mechanisms, e.g., in chronic diseases or advanced age [2].…”

BacHBerry: BACterial Hosts for production of Bioactive phenolics from bERRY fruits

“…Polyphenol content and composition can vary substantially between fleshyfruit varieties Miladinović et al 2014;Kula et al 2016), different cultivation conditions (Josuttis et al 2013;Vagiri et al 2013;Mazur et al 2014), harvest times and as a result of different post-harvest factors (Kårlund et al 2014;Stavang et al 2015), but particularly between species (Moyer et al 2001;McDougall et al 2008;Ruiz et al 2010;Marhuenda et al 2016). Furthermore, plant polyphenols are increasingly being associated with putative bioactivities offering protection against several cardiovascular (Goszcz et al 2015) and neurological diseases (Figueira et al 2017). The hydroxystilbenes are a group of polyphenols with a C 6 -C 2 -C 6 skeleton with two or more hydroxyl groups, where a central carbon-carbon double bond is conjugated with two phenolic moieties (Quideau et al 2011;Kasiotis et al 2013).…”

“…b PCA plots of the full dataset without reference material and blanks in negative mode. Components (Scr) 1 and 2 explain 13.20 and 10.30% of the variation respectively (Figueira et al 2017;Goszcz et al 2015 (Figueira et al 2017). Consequently, polyphenol-based therapies represent an underexplored strategy to minimize the huge social and economic impact of NDs.…”