Antioxidative and Apoptotic Properties of Polyphenolic Extracts from Edible Part of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) on Cultured Rat Hepatocytes and on Human Hepatoma Cells

Abstract

Cultured rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of polyphenolic extracts from the edible part of artichoke (AE). The hepatocytes were exposed to H2O2generated in situ by glucose oxidase and were treated with either AE, or pure chlorogenic acid (ChA) or with the well known antioxidant, N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenilenediamine (DPPD). Addition of glucose oxidase to the culture medium caused depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cultures, as a lipid peroxidation indicator, and cell death. These results demonstrated that AE protected cells from the oxidative stress caused by glucose oxidase, comparable to DPPD. Furthermore, AE, as well as ChA, prevented the loss of total GSH and the accumulation of MDA. Treatment of HepG2 cells for 24 h with AE reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, however, ChA had no prominent effects on the cell death rate. Similarly, AE rather than ChA induced apoptosis, measured by flow cytometric analysis of annexin and by activation of caspase-3, in HepG2 cells. Our findings indicate that AE had a marked antioxidative potential that protects hepatocytes from an oxidative stress. Furthermore, AE reduced cell viability and had an apoptotic activity on a human liver cancer cell line.

Antimicrobial Potential of Wild Edible Herbaceous Species

“…Polyphenols are very widely distributed in plant foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, flowers, and barks. In regards to the beneficial properties for human health, many phenolic compounds have been reported to possess potent antioxidant activity and to have anticarcinogenic/antimutagenic, antiatherosclerotic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities (Veeriah et al 2006;Baidez et al 2007;Han et al 2007;Miccadei et al 2008;Huang et al 2010;Mileo et al 2012). Moreover, in the agricultural field, phenolic compounds represent a rich source of biocides and preservatives that have been explored for a long time as postharvest alternative control means (Ippolito and Nigro 2003;Lattanzio 2003).…”

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

“…Despite the described hepatoprotective effects of the three mentioned plants and a few reports on their anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity (Miccadei et al, 2008;BrandonWarner et al, 2010), studies with the most consumed forms (infusions and dietary supplements) are scarce. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major health problem with more than 660,000 new cases per year worldwide, being a rapid fatal disease with a life expectancy of about 6 months from the time of diagnostics; it has the third highest mortality rate among all cancers (Jemal et al, 2011).…”

Infusions of artichoke and milk thistle represent a good source of phenolic acids and flavonoids

“…14,17,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Artichoke and milk thistle can be directly consumed in the diet or taken as infusions, among other available formulations, 18,28 allowing the dietary polyphenolic compounds to be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract to reach the liver, where they are mainly metabolized. 6 Thus, in the present work, the aim was to obtain the phenolic profile of the most common parts used to prepare the infusions of these plants instead of their isolated parts that have already been well-reported as rich sources of these bioactive compounds; for that purpose, the phenolic profiles of hydromethanolic extracts and infusions prepared from the whole plant were assessed and compared.…”