Antioxidative and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide extracts of the medicinal mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus

The effect of Agaricus brasiliensis extract supplementation on honey bee colonies

“…It has been used in traditional medicine as a healthy food supplement and against a variety of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, arteriosclerosis and chronic hepatitis (Wasser and Weis 1999). Numerous healthpromoting effects of A. brasiliensis have been scientifically proved (Wei and Van Griensven 2008, Hetland et al 2008, Kozarski et al 2011, Roupas et al 2012. Antigenotoxic, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic and antitumor activities have been described (Guterres et al 2005, Mantovani et al 2008, Kim et al 2009, Ishii et al 2011) and a wide range of immunomodulatory properties (Johnson et al 2009, Ishii et al 2011, Kozarski et al 2011, Smiderle et al 2011, 2013.…”

“…Numerous healthpromoting effects of A. brasiliensis have been scientifically proved (Wei and Van Griensven 2008, Hetland et al 2008, Kozarski et al 2011, Roupas et al 2012. Antigenotoxic, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic and antitumor activities have been described (Guterres et al 2005, Mantovani et al 2008, Kim et al 2009, Ishii et al 2011) and a wide range of immunomodulatory properties (Johnson et al 2009, Ishii et al 2011, Kozarski et al 2011, Smiderle et al 2011, 2013. All these beneficial effects of A. brasiliensis were demonstrated on mammals or mammalian cells in vitro and with the aim of promoting human health.…”

“…As the trial was always carried out in the period from September to April, the colonies were equalized in autumn (prior to wintering). Equalization was done in regard to adult bee population and food resources (amounts of honey and pollen stored) since very small amounts of (Kozarski et al 2011). In addition, phenols (1 g/100 g) and proteins (4.7 g/100 g) were also detected (Kozarski et al 2014).…”

Fruiting body, spores and in vitro produced mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum from Northeast Portugal: A comparative study of the antioxidant potential of phenolic and polysaccharidic extracts

“…There are some reports regarding antioxidant properties of G. lucidum methanolic (Mau et al, 2002) and aqueous (Lin, Lin, Chen, Ujiie, & Takada, 1995) extracts, but also of its polysaccharides (Jia et al, 2009;Ping, Yan, Bing, Guo, Yun, & Ping, 2009;Liu, Wang, Pang, Yao, & Gao, 2010;Kozarski et al, 2011) and phenolic compounds (Kim et al, 2008). Phenolic compounds possess an established antioxidant capacity and their antiradical mechanism has almost completely revealed (Ferreira, Barros, & Abreu, 2009).…”

“…Phenolic compounds possess an established antioxidant capacity and their antiradical mechanism has almost completely revealed (Ferreira, Barros, & Abreu, 2009). Regarding polysaccharides, their antioxidant properties have been evaluated by the free radical scavenging abilities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, conjugated diene method, reducing power and chelating effects on ferrous ions Liu et al, 2010;Kozarski et al, 2011). Their radical scavenging activity seems to be related to an increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities: superoxide dismutase (SOD) which catalyzes dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT) which detoxifies hydrogen peroxide and converts lipid hydroperoxides to nontoxic substances, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which maintains the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) Ping et al, 2009).…”