Antioxidative Effects of Parnassia palustris L. Extract on Ferrous Sulfate-Induced Cellular Injury of Cultured C6 Glioma Cells

Abstract

This study sought to evaluate the mechanism of cellular injury caused by ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and the protective effects of Parnassia palustris L. (PP) extract against FeSO4-induced cytotoxicity of cultured C6 glioma cells. FeSO4 is known to cause neurotoxicity and induce Parkinson's disease. The antioxidative effects of PP, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and superoxide anion-radical (SAR)-scavenging activities, as well as effects on cell viability, were studied. FeSO4 significantly decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and the XTT50 value, the concentration of FeSO4 which reduced the cell viability by half, was measured at 63.3 μM in these cultures. FeSO4 was estimated to be highly cytotoxic by the Borenfreund and Puerner toxicity criteria. Quercetin, an antioxidant, significantly improved cell viability, damaged by FeSO4-induced cytotoxicity. While evaluating the protective effects of the PP extract on FeSO4-induced cytotoxicity, it was observed that the extract significantly increased cell viability compared to the FeSO4-treated group. Also, the PP extract showed superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and superoxide anion radical (SAR)-scavenging activities. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that FeSO4 induced oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity, and the PP extract effectively protected against this cytotoxicity via its antioxidative effects. In conclusion, natural antioxidant sources such as PP may be agents useful for preventing oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity induced by heavy metal compounds such as the FeSO4, a known Parkinsonism inducer.