Antioxidative stress and nephroprotective activity of leaf fractions of Setaria megaphylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Abstract

Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur & Schinz (Poaceae), a medicinal plant used traditionally to treat diabetes was investigated for antioxidative stress and renoprotective potentials against alloxan-induced kidney injuries in diabetic rats. Standard biochemical and histological methods were used to determine oxidative stress markers levels, kidney function indices and kidney histopathology, which were used as parameters to evaluate antioxidative stress and renoprotective activities of the leaf fractions (200 mg/kg). Significantly (p<0.05 – 0.001) increased levels of kidney oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) and decreased MDA level were caused by the leaf fractions in the treated-diabetic rats. Creatinine and urea levels were also significantly (p<0.05-0.001) reduced, while electrolytes levels were not significantly (p>0.05) reduced when compared to control. Kidney histology revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated diabetic rats relative to untreated diabetic rats. The results suggest that the leaf fractions of Setaria megaphylla possess antioxidative stress and nephroprotective potentials due to the antioxidant activities of their phytochemical constituents.

Antioxidative Stress and Hepatoprotective Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

“…Preliminary reports of antiplasmodial activity on the leaves have been published Okokon et al, 2017). The leaf extract also possesses antidiabetic and hypoglycaemic (Okokon and Antia, 2007;Okokon et al, 2022), anti-inflammatory, analgesic (Okokon et al, 2006), cytotoxic, immunomodulatory and antileishmanial (Okokon et al, 2013), antidepressant (Okokon et al, 2016), inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase (Okokon et al, 2021) activities. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract shows that it contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoid, carbohydrate, terpenes, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides (Z,Z,Z)-8,11,14eicosatrienoic acid, phthalic acid, diisooctyl ester, vitamin E, ᵞ-elemene, urs-12-ene, bicyclogermacrene, αmuurolene, germacrene-A, and guaiol have been reported (Okokon et al, 2006;Okokon et al, 2013).…”