Antiparasitic activity of Astragalus brachycalyx subsp. brachycalyx extract against hydatid cyst protoscoleces and its effect on induction of apoptosis: an in vitro and ex vivo study

Yadegari, Javad Ghasemian; Khalaf, Amal Khudair; Saadatmand, Massumeh; Mahmoudvand, Hossein

doi:10.34172/jhp.2022.49

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Regarding the antimicrobial mechanisms of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, previous studies confirmed that these compounds displayed their antimicrobial mechanisms through the suppression of nucleic acid synthesis, blockage of cytoplasmic membrane function, suppression of energy metabolism, prevent bacterial virulence factors, display of a synergistic effect with current synthetic drugs, etc. [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Methanolic Extract against Toxoplasma gondii Infection

et al. 2023

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The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro, in vivo, and safety of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. methanolic extract (SLME) against acute toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in mice. Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate the in vitro effect of the SLME on T. gondii tachyzoites. Totally, 72 male BALB/c mice (40 mice for in vivo evaluation of SLME and 32 mice for its toxicity effects on liver and kidney serum enzymes) were used for the present investigation. At first, 40 mice were orally pre-treated with the SLME at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day for two weeks. Mice were checked daily, and the rate of survival and the mean number of tachyzoites were recorded. Liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, the effects on kidney and liver function, as well as the expression level of the proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were studied by the quantitative real-time PCR. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on the effects of SLME on the detection of apoptotic and necrotic cells in T. gondii tachyzoites. Results: The SLME at the concentrations 75 and 150 µg/mL completely killed the tachyzoites after 2 hr of incubation. SLME at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day increased the survival rate of infected mice by the sixth, seventh, and eighth days, respectively. SLME also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the LPO and NO levels and upregulated the IL-1β and IFN-γ mRNA gene expression levels, whereas no considerable change was observed in the serum level of kidney and liver enzymes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the prompted early and late apoptosis after exposure to T. gondii tachyzoites with various concentrations of SLME. Conclusion: We found the relevant in vitro anti-Toxoplasma effects of SLME against T. gondii. Moreover, the results confirmed the promising in vivo prophylactic effects of SLME. SLME provokes the innate immune system, induces apoptosis, modulates the proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibits hepatic injury in infected mice. With all these descriptions, further surveys are required to support these findings and elucidate this plant’s possible mechanisms of action.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Methanolic Extract against Toxoplasma gondii Infection

et al. 2023

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“…The specimens were then examined through direct and formalin-ether methods (9). In the next step, the sucrose 0.85 M gradient technique was used to concentrate Giardia cysts (10). The specimens were then diluted with distilled water (12:1) and shaken for 5 minutes to obtain an aqueous solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiparasitic effect of limonene, a monoterpene compound found in the essential oils against Giardia lamblia

Kharazmkia

Yadegari

Mohammadian

et al. 2023

J Herbmed Pharmacol

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Introduction: The present work aimed to assess the anti-parasitic effects of limonene (LMN) against Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts. Methods: Anti-Giardia activities of LMN (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were assessed against G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites for 15-360 minutes. The effects of LMN on the apoptosis stimulation G. lamblia parasites were determined by colorimetric protease assay. Results: Giardia trophozoites were more sensitive to LMN than cysts. The best effect of LMN was seen at 100 μg/mL. LMN markedly triggered caspase-3 activity by 10.2%, 25.3%, and 36.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We found the potent in vitro anti-giardia activity of LMN against G. lamblia parasites with the maximum activity at 50 and 100 μg/mL. However, additional surveys are necessary to reveal the specific efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of LMN.

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“…The activity of caspase-3 in protoscoleces after incubation with FMN was studied based on a commercial colorimetric protease kit (Sigma, Germany) according to the producer protocols (20).…”

Section: Effect Of Caspase-3 Activity In Protoscolecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiparasitic Effects and Cellular Mechanisms of Formononetin (a Natural Isoflavone) Against Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces

Haghighi

Khalaf

Mahmoudvand

et al. 2023

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: The chemical agents applied to reduce the complications of hydatid cyst surgery are not free of side effects. Formononetin (FMN), as a natural isoflavone, has been shown to have various therapeutic benefits. Objectives: We studied the in vitro and ex vivo protoscolicidal activity and cellular mechanisms of FMN against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods: Formononetin at 75, 150, and 300 μg/mL was mixed with hydatid cyst protoscoleces (103/mL), and the viability was determined in 5 to 60 min through eosin staining assay. The effect of FMN on caspase-3 activity was tested through a commercial colorimetric protease kit. In addition, the penetrability of the plasma membrane of protoscoleces after exposure to FMN was also determined by the SYTOX assay. Results: Formononetin at 300 μg/mL completely destroyed hydatid cyst protoscoleces after 30 minutes. While at 150 μg/mL, after 60 minutes of contact, 100% of protoscoleces were eliminated. By ex vivo assay, FMN showed its antiparasitic effect for longer periods. Based on these results, FMN at 300 μg/mL concentration completely eliminated hydatid cyst protoscoleces after 60 minutes of exposure. While at a concentration of 150 μg/mL after 60 minutes, 89.6% of protoscoleces were destroyed. Formononetin noticeably increased (P < 0.001) the activity of caspase-3 and the permeability of protoscoleces dose-dependently. Conclusions: Formononetin as a natural product showed promising effects on the protoscoleces of hydatid cysts, indicating that it can be considered a valuable scolicidal agent. However, additional investigations are necessary to evaluate its efficacy in animal models and human subjects.

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Antiparasitic activity of Astragalus brachycalyx subsp. brachycalyx extract against hydatid cyst protoscoleces and its effect on induction of apoptosis: an in vitro and ex vivo study

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Methanolic Extract against Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Methanolic Extract against Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Antiparasitic effect of limonene, a monoterpene compound found in the essential oils against Giardia lamblia

Antiparasitic Effects and Cellular Mechanisms of Formononetin (a Natural Isoflavone) Against Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces

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