Antiparasitic, Antineuroinflammatory, and Cytotoxic Polyketides from the Marine Sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus Collected in Brazil

Abstract

Investigation of the bioactive crude extract from the sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus from Brazil led to the isolation of plakortenone ( 1) as a new polyketide, along with five known polyketides ( 2- 6) previously isolated from other Plakortis sponges. The known polyketides were tested in antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, antineuroinflammatory, and cytotoxicity assays. The results show that plakortide P ( 3) is a potent antiparasitic compound, against both Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosona cruzi, and exhibited antineuroinflammatory activity. The known polyketides 2- 6 were tested for cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, but displayed only moderate cytotoxic activity.

Peroxy natural products

“…Investigation of the bioactive crude extract from the sponge P. angulospiculatus from Brazil led to the isolation of the cyclic peroxide plakortenone 79. 41 A sample of the Norwegian sponge P. simplex was found to contain two cyclic peroxides 80 and 81, of which 81 exhibited moderate in vitro activity against several solid human tumor cell lines with IC 50 values in the range 7-15 μg/mL. 42 An Indonesian sponge P. nigra was the source of two isomeric cytotoxic trans epoxides, plakorstatins 1 (82) and 2 (83).…”

Reproduction and population dynamics of the solitary entoproct Loxosomella plakorticola inhabiting a demosponge, Plakortis sp.

“…Many cytotoxic and antifouling compounds have been isolated from Plakortis species (e.g. Kossuga et al 2008, Bowling et al 2010. Therefore, L. plakorticola is supposed to be tolerant to the chemical defense(s) of the host and the absence of competitors for the habitat probably enables the stable survival of the entoprocts.…”

Contributions of Ultrastructural Studies to the Cell Biology of Trypanosmatids: Targets for Anti-Parasitic Drugs

“…Although many studies have been published on T. cruzi, T. brucei and Leishmania, few have characterized the effects of these products on the ultrastructure of the parasites. Mitochondrial swelling and the presence of concentric membrane structures in its matrix were observed after incubation of Leishmania and T. cruzi with any of the following: linalool-rich essential oil of Croton cajucara [69], usnic acid from the lichen Cladonia substellata [70], extract of the marine sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus [71], extract of the seeds of Pterodon pubescens with geranylgeraniol (GG-OH) being the most active fraction [72]), propolis [73], taxol isolated from Taxus brevifolia [74], dinitroaniline herbicides [75], -carbolines [76], chalcones from Piper aduncum [77], or neolignan from leaves of Piper regnellii [78].…”