Antiparasitic drugs, the livestock industry and dung beetles cause for concern?

Kg, Wardhaugh; Ridsdill-Smith, T. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10155.x

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A great deal of controversy surrounds the possible consequences that ivermectin may have on the dung beetle community, especially in Australia (McKellar, 1997;Wardhaugh & Ridsdill-Smith, 1998). Most studies in the laboratory have demonstrated lethal and/or sublethal effects, however dung beetles in a container with a dung pat containing excreted ivermectin have no choice but to utilize the resource they are presented with for survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of dung containing ivermectin in the field by Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Dadour

Cook

Neesam

1999

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Fifty-five species of exotic dung beetles have been introduced into Australia and in many areas, several species are now established and often abundant. Controversy exists in the dung beetle literature concerning the use of ivermectin as an anthelmintic treatment for livestock and its subsequent lethal and sub-lethal effects on adult dung beetles. A study was conducted in the field exposing replicate dung pats containing residues of ivermectin excreted 0-15 days post-injection. At the time of the study, the introduced species of dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) was present in high numbers (>1000 beetles per pat). After 24 h exposure, dung pats collected from cattle treated 7 and 10 days earlier with ivermectin were dispersed significantly less than untreated dung. A similar pattern was evident in the numbers of dung beetles present in each pat. This study is discussed in the context of anthelmintic usage in cattle and their potential ecotoxic effects against dung beetles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of dung containing ivermectin in the field by Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Dadour

Cook

Neesam

1999

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…However many farmers have adopted strategic worm control programs and anthelmintic usage tends to be seasonally synchronous, avermectins being used routinely together with other parasiticides. Wardhaugh and Ridsdill-Smith [111] summarised one future challenge: are there really untreated refugia in the modern pastoral ecosystem and, if so, how confident can we be that these are sufficiently extensive in both time and space to adequately compensate for any losses that may occur in treated areas? There are two ways to consider the long-term consequences of the use of parasiticides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

2002

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-The overall purpose of this paper was to review the major and most recent literature relating the effects of anthelmintics on dung breeding invertebrates and dung degradation. Faecal residues or metabolites of drugs belonging to the benzimidazole and levamisole/morantel groups are relatively harmless to dung fauna, on the contrary to other anthelmintics such as coumaphos, dichlorvos, phenothiazine, piperazine, synthetic pyrethroids, and most macrocyclic lactones which have been shown to be highly toxic for dung beetles (abamectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin), among which moxidectin was the less toxic for dung beetles. To date, the detrimental impact upon non-target organisms has been considered acceptable in eradicating the parasites because of their economic importance to commercial livestock production. The consequences of routine treatments are discussed with consideration of the long-term consequences for cow pat fauna and sustainable pastureland ecology.anthelmintic / residue / dung beetle / Diptera / sustainable parasite control Résumé -Usage des anthelminthiques en élevage et évaluation des risques pour la faune non cible du pâturage. Cet article de synthèse passe en revue les travaux de la littérature les plus récents concernant les effets secondaires des principaux produits vétérinaires utilisés en routine sur la faune coprophage et sur la dégradation des excréments dans les pâturages. Les résidus (ou les métabolites) des groupes du benzimidazole et levamisole/morantel trouvés dans les excréments s'avèrent relativement peu toxiques pour la faune coprophage. Au contraire les anthelminthiques des groupes suivants s'avèrent hautement toxiques: coumaphos, dichlorvos, phénothiazine, pipérazine, pyréthroïdes de synthèse, et la plupart des lactones macrocycliques (abamectine, ivermectine, éprinomectine, doramectine), la moxidectine étant la moins toxique pour la faune coprophage. Jusqu'à présent, cet impact négatif a été considéré comme acceptable par les éleveurs et firmes pharmaceutiques en regard de l'importance économique du contrôle et/ou l'éradication des parasites. Les conséquences des traitements de routine sont discutées en considérant que l'absence de dégradation des bouses constatée 547

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“…Residues from these compounds that are excreted in the dung of cattle can kill both the dung breeding nuisance fly pest, Musca vetustissima, and adversely affect the breeding of introduced scarab dung beetles [95]. Several authors have expressed concern that widespread use of avermectins as cattle drenches could adversely affect the populations of recently introduced scarab dung beetles [96]. Research has shown that scarab dung beetles in southern Australia breed mainly for 2-3 months in spring, and if farmers avoid using avermectins to drench cattle in these critical months an impact on dung beetle breeding would be minimised [97].…”

Section: Pest Infestations -Symptoms Rather Than Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%