Antiparasitic effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil nano-emulsion on larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus

Yazdi, Monire Karimi; Haniloo, Ali; Ghaffari, Azadeh; Torabi, Negin

doi:10.1007/s12639-020-01193-w

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Several studies have used nano preparations and essential oil nanoemulsions as novel and alternative approaches showing remarkable protoscolicidal effects like that achieved by Moazeni et al and others who studied the antihydatid activity of nanoemulsions of Zataria multiflora [ 65 , 69 ] and Satureja hortensis [ 70 ]. However, metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as those of silica, copper, iron, and zinc [ 71 ], gold NPs [ 72 ], biosynthesized silver NPs [ 73 ], zinc oxide NPs [ 55 ], and biogenic selenium NPs showed lesser scolicidal effects than Eug-NE [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts

et al. 2021

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Background Cystic echinococcosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus remains a serious helminthic zoonosis affecting humans and animals in many endemic developing countries. Surgical intervention is the best management choice, although it is associated with high recurrence rates and serious complications. Also, the commonly used chemotherapeutics exhibited serious side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of eugenol (Eug) essential oil and its nanoemulsion (Eug-NE) against protoscoleces (PCs) of hydatid cysts in vitro. Methods Eug-NE was prepared and characterized. Their cytotoxicity on macrophages was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. E. granulosus PCs were treated with various concentrations of Eug and Eug-NE at different exposure times. The viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by the eosin exclusion test, and the changes in the morphology of protoscoleces were assessed. Albendazole (ABZ) was used as a positive control. Results The cellular cytotoxicity of Eug and Eug-NE on macrophage cells, in minimum and maximum concentrations (0.2 and 1 μl/mL), were nearly negligible ranging from 4.7% to 8.3% and 3.7% to 7.2%, respectively. The results showed highly significant activity of Eug-NE and Eug against hydatid PCs compared to ABZ (P < 0.05). Eug and Eug-NE have similar protoscolicidal effects at all used concentrations. Their highest scolicidal activity (100% mortality rate) was recorded at 1 μl/ml after 30 min incubation (LC50 = 0.298—LC90 = 0.521 and LC50 = 0.309—LC90 = 0.646, respectively). Both formulations showed time- and dose-dependent effects. Conclusions This study suggested the potent scolicidal activities of Eug and Eug-NE as promising alternative scolicidal agents. Future studies are recommended to explore the mechanism of action and treatment response in vivo and clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts

et al. 2021

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“…In vitro high scolicidal activity has been previously reported for the methanolic extract [ 35 ] and aromatic water of Z. multiflora [ 36 ]. In addition, anti-hydatid properties of the methanolic extract [ 37 ], aromatic water [ 38 ] and essential oil [ 39 – 42 ] of Z. multiflora have been reported in earlier in vivo studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on the germinative cells of Echinococcus granulosus

2021

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Background Novel and more efficient compounds are urgently required for medical treatment of cystic echinococcosis (CE). Germinative cell culture of Echinococcus granulosus could be used for anti-echinococcosis agent tests and other biological studies on CE. This study was performed to establish an in vitro cell culture model for E. granulosus germinative cells and to evaluate the lethal effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZMEO) on the cultured cells. Methods The inner surface of germinal layers of CE cysts was scraped, and the obtained materials were trypsinized to obtain a suspension of single germinative cells. Medium 199 was used as the basic culture medium and was supplemented with fetal bovine serum, 2-mercaptoethanol, l-cysteine, l-glutamine, glucose, sodium pyruvate, hydatid fluid, amphotericin B and antibiotics. The cells were cultured at a concentration of 104 cells/ml of culture medium and incubated at 37 °C. The culture medium was replaced every 7 days. Chemical composition of ZMEO was identified by GC-MS analysis. ZMEO was tested at concentrations of 0.5–8 mg/ml. Viability of the cells was assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay. Results A significant increase in the cell number was evident at 20, 30 and 45 days after cultivation. At 45 days of cultivation, the number of cells was approximately five-fold higher than on the first day. In GC-MC analysis, carvacrol, p-cymene, g-terpinene and thymol were found to be the main compounds of ZMEO. The lethal effect of ZMEO on the germinative cells at concentrations of 6, 7 and 8 mg/ml was 100% after 60, 25 and 7 min of exposure, respectively. Conclusions At 45 days of cultivation, the cell concentration was suitable for the desired in vitro experiments. A high lethal effect of ZMEO on the germinative cells of E. granulosus may be considered an opportunity for the introduction of a novel, more effective and safer therapeutic agent for treatment of CE using an herbal product. Graphic abstract

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Roles of Nanotechnology for Efficient Nutrient Delivery of Foods

Ezzat,

Salama,

El Mahdi

et al. 2022

Application of Nanotechnology in Food Science, Processing and Packaging

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Antiparasitic effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil nano-emulsion on larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts

Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts

Effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on the germinative cells of Echinococcus granulosus

Roles of Nanotechnology for Efficient Nutrient Delivery of Foods

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