Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Cerebrovascular Ischemia and Stroke in Childhood

Schöning, M.; Klein, R; Krägeloh-Mann, I.; Falck, Mari; Bien, Siegfried; Berg, Paul; Michaelis, Richard

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1071574

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An underlying autoimmune condition, as described in Down's syndrome, inducing the appearance of these antibodies and a progressive vascular damage, could not be discarded. 21 Variable frequency of prothrombotic disorders has been reported in non-MMS children with AIS 17,37,38,53 ; in our previous study, we found these abnormalities in 7 of the 30 children (23%) evaluated. 39 Few reports have described the probable relationship between hemostatic abnormalities and MMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…39 Few reports have described the probable relationship between hemostatic abnormalities and MMS. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In our series, a prothrombotic disorder was detected in 4 of our patients (40%). Inherited protein S deficiency was detected in 1 patient, and persistent positive LA or ACA was found for months or even years in the remaining 3 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The contribution of prothrombotic disorders to the pathogenesis of MMS in children is still to be elucidated because available data are related only to retrospective studies of few patients. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The main aim of this work was to perform a prospective study, including a complete hemostatic evaluation, to determine the frequency of prothrombotic disorders in a pediatric population with MMS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prothrombotic Disorders in Children With Moyamoya Syndrome

Bonduel¹,

Hepner

Sciuccati

et al. 2001

Stroke

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Background and Purpose — Moyamoya syndrome is an uncommon chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease in children. The origin of moyamoya syndrome remains undetermined. The role of the prothrombotic disorders contributing to its pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of prothrombotic disorders in a pediatric population with moyamoya syndrome. Methods — From May 1992 to April 2000, a prospective study of 10 consecutive children with moyamoya syndrome was carried out at a single center. Evaluation included the following assays: protein C, protein S, antithrombin, plasminogen, activated protein C resistance, factor V Leiden, and prothrombin gene mutations. Lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti–β 2 -glycoprotein I antibodies assays were also performed. The clinical characteristics, underlying diseases, family history of thrombosis, radiological findings, treatment, and outcome were also recorded. Results — In our series, prothrombotic disorders were detected in 4 patients (40%). Inherited protein S deficiency was found in 1 patient; lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in the remaining 3 patients. One presented persistent lupus anticoagulant for 2.7 years until his death. In the case of the other 2 patients, 1 has maintained lupus anticoagulant for 9 months, whereas the other has kept anticardiolipin/anti–β 2 -glycoprotein I antibodies for 10 months. Conclusions — We report the hemostatic data of the largest prospective pediatric study carried out at a single center in the western hemisphere. In 4 patients (40%), a prothrombotic disorder was detected. It is tempting to speculate that these hemostatic abnormalities may contribute to the pathogenesis of moyamoya syndrome in some of our patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prothrombotic Disorders in Children With Moyamoya Syndrome

Bonduel¹,

Hepner

Sciuccati

et al. 2001

Stroke

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“…Moderate elevations of aCL antibodies have been associated with thrombotic events in 10 of 13, 3 of 4 and 4 of 4 children and 9 of 35 adults with APS [3, 6, 7, 8]. Nevertheless, in population studies, the risk of thrombosis increases at levels >38 or 40 GPL units [9, 10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Moyamoya-Like Vascular Changes

Booth¹,

Yanofsky²,

Ross³

et al. 1999

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…13,56,64,72) However, these studies have indirectly proved the correlation between abnormalities of the immune system and moyamoya disease. Indeed, it is conceivable that the true genetic triggers of moyamoya disease are close to the abnormalities seen in HLA alleles disclosed.…”

Section: Proteomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Past Research and Current Concepts on the Etiology of Moyamoya Disease

Houkin

Ito

Sugiyama

et al. 2012

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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Research on moyamoya disease has progressed remarkably in the past several decades. Indeed, many new facts concerning the epidemiology of the disease have been revealed and surgical treatments have been drastically improved. However, despite extensive research, the mechanism of moyamoya disease is still unknown. Consequently, the cardinal treatment of this disease has not yet been developed. For further clarification of its etiology, innovative studies are therefore indispensable. The aim of this paper is to review research on the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease to identify milestones in the direction of its true solution. Many hypotheses of the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease have been proposed in the past half century, including infection (viral and bacterial), autoimmune disorders, proteins abnormality, and gene abnormality. Some of these are now considered to be historical achievements. Others, however, can be still subjected to contemporary research. Currently, several genetic abnormalities are considered to offer the most probable hypothesis. In addition, interesting papers have been presented on the role of the endothelial progenitor cell on the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease. Intuitively, however, it appears that a single theory cannot always explain the pathogenesis of this disease adequately. In other words, the complex mechanism of several factors may comprehensively explain the formation of moyamoya disease. The``double hit hypothesis'' is probably the best explanation for the complicated pathology and epidemiology of this disease.

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Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Cerebrovascular Ischemia and Stroke in Childhood

Cited by 48 publications

References 30 publications

Prothrombotic Disorders in Children With Moyamoya Syndrome

Prothrombotic Disorders in Children With Moyamoya Syndrome

Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Moyamoya-Like Vascular Changes

Review of Past Research and Current Concepts on the Etiology of Moyamoya Disease

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