Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (Aplas)-A Case Report

Antiphospholipid syndrome

“…1,2 APS often occurs as a primary condition but can also present with other systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 1,3,4 The key signs of APS include venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, pregnancy complications (such as miscarriage and clotting), and fetal death. 1,2 People diagnosed with APS have a greater risk of cardiovascular events than individuals with traditional cardiovascular risk factors.…”

“…APS occurs when the body's immune system creates aPLs that attack coagulation factors or proteins bound to phospholipids (prothrombin, protein C, protein S, and annexin), which are found throughout the body. 4 These aPLs are produced by B cells and bind to the anionic surfaces of cell membranes. 8 The three primary classes of antibodies associated with APS are anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, lupus anticoagulants (LACs), and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-b2GPI).…”

“…8 The three primary classes of antibodies associated with APS are anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, lupus anticoagulants (LACs), and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-b2GPI). 4 When aPLs attack phospholipids, a proinflammatory or prothrombotic reaction occurs, reducing protein C activity and suppressing tissue factor inhibitors. Although the exact mechanism isn't completely understood, the result is inflammation, vascular thrombosis, obstetric complications, and multiorgan failure.…”

“…4 Secondary APS occurs when an underlying immune disorder, such as SLE, contributes to the development of APS. 4…”

“…Blood clots form when proteins and platelets interact with each other, generally following tissue injury or inflammation. APS occurs when the body's immune system creates aPLs that attack coagulation factors or proteins bound to phospholipids (prothrombin, protein C, protein S, and annexin), which are found throughout the body 4. These aPLs are produced by B cells and bind to the anionic surfaces of cell membranes 8.…”