Antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei

Abstract

Background: The root of Icacina senegalensis is used for the treatment of malaria and related conditions in southeastern Nigeria. Methods: To establish its efficacy, the ethanolic root bark extract was investigated as antiplasmodial agent against Plasmodium berghei in mice. A 4-day suppressive test and the curative effect against established infection models of antiplasmodial studies were used. Results: The root bark extract of I. senegalensis (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) dosedependent activity against the parasite based on suppressive and curative study. The antimalarial effect of I. senegalensis is compared with that of chloroquine (10 mg/kg), the standard drug. The ethanolic root bark extract also prolonged the survival time of infected mice. Conclusions:The results showed that the root bark extract possesses a potential antiplasmodial activity, which can be exploited for the possible development of new antimalarial agent.

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“…This shows that there is no correlation between the IC 50 value obtained with the MMFM and the chloroquine sensitivity of the strain tested. This phenomenon has been described by several authors testing the anti-plasmodial activity of natural products 24,25,26 .…”

(9βH)- and 17-Nor-Pimaranes from Icacina oliviformis

“…Seven pimaranetype diterpenoids were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic properties and direct HPLC comparison with reference compounds available in the laboratory to be icacinol (1), 14 icacinlactone A (2), 15 icacinlactone B (3), 15 icacinlactone H (4), 17 12-hydroxyicacinlactone A (5), 16 14α-methoxyhumirianthol (6), 16 and annonalide (7). 19 An artifact structure was shown to be the acrenol acetone adduct (8), and the three new compounds were determined to be icacinlactone M (9), icacinlactone H 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), and icacinlactone N 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Subsequently all 1 H NMR signals were assignable to their attached carbons through interpretation of the HSQC correlations (Table 2).…”

“…* sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Eleven pimarane-type diterpenoids were isolated from the tubers of Icacina oliviformis, including three new compounds, icacinlactone M (9), icacinlactone H 2-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (10), and icacinlactone N 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), together with an artifact of acrenol (8). Among the known structures, icacinlactone A (2), icacinlactone B (3), icacinlactone H (4), 12-hydroxyicacinlactone A (5), 14αmethoxyhumirianthol (6), and annonalide (7) are reported from I. oliviformis for the first time, whereas icacinol (1) has previously been found in this plant.…”

“…Our research group has been studying the pimarane diterpenoids in I. trichantha, another African medicinal plant belonging to the Icacina genus, and discovered a series of 9βHand nor-pimaranes. 14−18 In the course of a continuing effort to find novel diterpenoids from Icacina plants, isolation of three new pimaranes (9−11), together with an artifact of acrenol (8) and seven known compounds (1−7), from the tubers of I. oliviformis is herein reported. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated diterpenoids were evaluated using human melanoma MDA-MB-435, breast cancer MDA-MB-231, and ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cell lines.…”

“…Some secondary metabolites have been reported from I. oliviformis , including two pimaranes (icacinol and icacenone), eight clerodane diterpenoids, sitosterol 3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, and stigmasterol 3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside . On the other hand, the plant extracts of I. oliviformis have been reported in many studies for biological activities such as antimalarial, − antimicrobial, , antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and pesticidal , potentials.…”