Antiplatelet, antioxidative, and anti‐inflammatory effects of hydroquinone

Abstract

Platelets play crucial roles in thrombosis and hemostasis through platelet activation and aggregation that are crucial in cardiovascular diseases. Hydroquinone (HQ) and its derivatives are present in many dermatological creams, paints, motor fuels, air, microorganisms, and plant products like wheat bread, fruit, coffee, and red wine. The effect of HQ on humans is not clear. In this study, we found that HQ (>25 μM) inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)‐induced platelet aggregation. HQ suppressed AA‐induced thromboxane B2 production of platelets. HQ (>10 μM) also attenuated ex vivo platelet‐rich plasma aggregation. HQ prevented the interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced 8‐isoprostane, and PGE2 production, but not IL‐8 production of pulp cells. These results indicate that HQ may have an antiplatelet effect via inhibition of thromboxane production. HQ has antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects, and possible inhibition of COX. Exposure and consumption of HQ‐containing products, food or drugs may have antiplatelet, antioxidative, and anti‐inflammatory effects.

Anti-Platelet Aggregation and Anti-Cyclooxygenase Activities for a Range of Coffee Extracts (Coffea arabica)

“…Likewise, there is increasing evidence that the consumption of phenolic-rich beverages has the potential to lower and prevent the risk of developing thrombosis. For example, catechol, hydroquinone and their derivatives, which are the antioxidants present in coffee and other plant products, were found to inhibit the production of prostaglandin E 3 (PGE 3 ) and TXB 2 , as well as the aggregation of platelets induced by ARA but not by U46619 [40,41]. In addition, CGA has displayed inhibitory effects on collagen-induced platelet aggregation and TXA 2 production in a concentration dependent manner, along with increases in microsomal platelet cyclic adenosine-5 -monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-5 -monophosphate (cGMP) levels [42].…”

Effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 on plasminogen activation in stem cells from the apical papilla: role of activating receptor‐like kinase 5/Smad2 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signalling

“…Morphological changes of SCAP were examined and photographed by a phase‐contrast microscope. Culture medium was collected for measurement of PAI‐1, uPA and suPAR concentrations by ELISA kits (R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacture’s instruction (Chang et al ). Cell number was estimated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyldiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT, Sigma‐Aldrich) assay as described before (Chang et al , , ).…”

Stimulation of MMP-9 of oral epithelial cells by areca nut extract is related to TGF-β/Smad2-dependent and –independent pathways and prevented by betel leaf extract, hydroxychavicol and melatonin

“…After 24 hours, medium was changed with fresh medium containing various concentrations of ANE (100-800 μg/ml) or arecoline (0.05-0.8 mM) for 24 hours. Culture medium was collected for ELISA analysis of MMP-9 secretion as before [8, 45, 46]. Total RNA was isolated for semi-quantitative RT-PCR.…”