Antiproliferation activity of God’s crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) extract and fractions against MCM-B2 breast cancer cells

Abstract

Breast cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell proliferation in the breast. God's crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) and its seed have potential as an antiproliferation of cancer cells. It contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and tannins. The sample of God's crown fruit was obtained by extraction and fractionation using the maceration method. Cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. Antiproliferation activity test of God's crown fruit against MCM-B2 was performed using the hemacytometer method. The God's crown fruit sample consists of crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction. Lethal concentration 50 (LC 50 ) values in crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 13.72, 147.55, 405.81, and 149.55 ppm, respectively. The concentration of the test sample was directly used for the antiproliferation activity test on MCM-B2 cells. God's crown fruit can act as antiproliferation of MCM-B2. The smallest concentration of those samples has inhibited MCM-B2 cell proliferation which is 3.5 ppm crude ethanol extract lower than 100 ppm doxorubicin. The maximum percentage of the antiproliferation activity of crude ethanol extract (56 ppm) was able to inhibit MCM-B2 cell proliferation by 58.28% while doxorubicin (100 ppm) by 31.2%. This is due to the fact that crude ethanol extract has a lot of complex polar phytochemical content. The crude ethanol extract compounds inhibit MCM-B2 cell proliferation synergistically.

Antiproliferative Potency of God’s Crown Fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) Extract Against Breast Cancer Cell

“…Hasim et al 19 . The incubation of A. salina larvae was performed in the following way: 0.2 g A. salina eggs were put into the seawater for 48 hours at room temperature (25°C) with light and aeration illuminated until the eggs hatched.…”

“…The antiproliferation activity test of extract and fractions was conducted according to Hasim et al 19 . For media preparation, 45 mL DMEM media, 5 mL FBS, 10 µL fungizone, and gentamicin were put into 50 mL Eppendorf tubes.…”

Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of God’s Crown Fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) with Variation of Roasting Processes

“…Phaleria macrocarpa also known as Mahkota Dewa/God's Crown has been so long known as the fruit that has various excellences for health such as to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, lowering blood pressure, curing rheumatic diseases, and controlling cholesterol level in blood, and used as an alternative treatment for breast cancer, prevent infections associated with periodontal disease, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (Abed, 2020;Suksmanto in Dumanauw et al, 2020;Hasim et al, 2020;Radita and Widyarman, 2019;and Nunsio et al, 2019). Phaleria macrocarpa originates from Papua, growing in the tropics with an altitude of 10-1,200 meters above sea level.…”

Antiproliferation activity of water and ethyl acetate red yeast rice fraction against MCM-B2 tumor cells

“…DNA intercalation and topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair and free radical generation and damage to cell membranes, DNA, and proteins (Thorn et al, 2011). However, doxorubicin can cause many side effects such as hair loss, nausea, dry lips, vomiting, and heart problems (Atiqoh et al, 2011;Hasim et al, 2020).…”