Antiproliferative activities and phenolic acid content of water and ethanolic extracts of the powdered formula of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. fermented broth and Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit

Abstract

BackgroundHouttuynia cordata Thunb. and Phyllanthus emblica Linn. are native plants with medicinal and nutritive significance in Asia. The present study was aimed at evaluating antiproliferative effects on human cancer cell lines and identifying the phenolic acid composition of water and ethanolic extracts of the powdered formula of H. cordata fermented broth and P. emblica fruit.MethodsAnticancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against HeLa, HT29, HCT116, MCF7 and Jurkat cells using an MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Reverse phase HPLC was exploited for identification and quantification of some phenolic acids.ResultsMTT assay showed that both water and ethanolic extracts significantly decreased the viability of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Based on the IC50 values, ethanolic extract (IC50 values = 0.12–0.65 mg/mL) was more cytotoxic than water extract (IC50 values = 0.22–0.85 mg/mL) and Jurkat cells were the most sensitive to both extracts (IC50 values = 0.12–0.69 mg/mL). The underlying mechanism for antiproliferative activity was apoptosis induction, especially in HT29, HCT116, MCF7 and Jurkat cells. HT29 cells were the most sensitive to extract-induced apoptosis. Ethanolic extract was more effective at inducing apoptosis than water extract. Moreover, cell cycle arrest was found to be another mechanism behind growth inhibition in Jurkat and HCT116 cells. However, these extracts were relatively less toxic to non-cancer Vero cells. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the powder mix extracts contained seven identified phenolic acids namely gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapinic acids, where p-coumaric acid was detected in the highest concentration followed by ferulic acid.ConclusionOverall, the results of this study suggest the powdered formula of H. cordata fermented broth and P. emblica fruit as an alternative medicine for cancer prevention and treatment.

Polyphenolic profiles, antioxidant, and in vitro anticancer activities of the seeds of Puno and Titicaca quinoa cultivars

“…The differences were particularly expressed in the ferulic acid that was the most abundant phenolic acid in Puno extracts (78% of the total acids) but not identified in Titicaca extract. The results of other authors confirmed a significant cytotoxic effect of ferulic acid against colon cancer cells (Kumnerdkhonkaen et al, 2018; Saenglee, Jogloy, Patanothai, & Senawong, 2016). Furthermore, Zhang et al (2016) based on their research in vitro and in vivo models indicated that the ferulic acid has antitumor potential that could be used as a therapeutic agent against breast cancer.…”

The Effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Piper ribesioides Wall Extracts on Breast Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Apoptosis

“…The researchers, therefore, studied the anti-cancer potential effect of both ethanolic plant extracts in further experiments. HCT was cytotoxic against many types of cancer cells, for example MCF-7 [9] and MDA-MB-231 [10]. Yet, there is still no report of the PR toxic effect on both types of breast cancer cells.…”

“…However, there were no significant differences between breast cancer cell viability at 48 and 72 h of incubation ( Figure 3). [9,11]. However, the anti-proliferation effect of P. ribesioides has not yet been studied.…”

“…This anti-proliferation with both H. cordata and P. ribesioides extracts in both breast cancer cells was verified. The cells were treated [9,11]. However, the anti-proliferation effect of P. ribesioides has not yet been studied.…”

Screening of α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors from Houttuynia cordata and Evaluation of the Binding Mechanisms

“…Houttuynia cordata is a famous Chinese herb for clearing heat and eliminating toxins. [1] It also possesses many bioactivities including anticancer, [2] anti-inflammatory, [3] antibacterial, [4] antiviral, [5] and immunomodulatory functions. [6] In our study, we isolated the monomers of quercitrin and afzelin from Houttuynia cordata using bioactivity-guided fractionation and semipreparative liquid chromatography (SP-LC).…”