Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptotic Efficiency of Syzygium cumini Bark Methanolic Extract against EAC Cells In Vivo

Abstract

Background: Syzygium cumini, one of the evidence-based traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments. Objectives: Herein, the antioxidant property and anticancer property of Syzygium cumini against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) were examined in search of effective chemotherapeutics. Methods: In vitro assays, phytochemical and chromatographic analysis were used to determine antioxidant properties and chemical constituents of Syzygium cummini bark methanolic extract (SCBME). Functional assays were used to measure the anticancer activity of SCBME. Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR were used to examine morphological and molecular changes of EAC cells followed by SCBME treatment. Results: Phytochemical and GC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. Accordingly, we have noted a strong antioxidant activity of SCBME with an IC50 value of 10μg/ml. Importantly, SCBME exerted a dose-dependent anticancer activity with significant inhibition of EAC cell growth (71.08 ± 3.53%; p<0.001), reduction of tumour burden (69.50%; p<0.01) and increase of life span (73.13%; p<0.001) of EACbearing mice at 75mg/kg/day. Besides, SCBME restored the blood toxicity towards normal in EAC-bearing mice (p<0.05). SCBME treated EAC cells showed apoptotic features under a fluorescence microscope and fragment DNA in DNA laddering assay. Moreover, up-regulation of the tumour suppressor p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax and down-regulation of NF-κB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes, implied induction of apoptosis followed by SCBME treatment. Conclusion: The antiproliferative activity of SCBME against EAC cells is likely due to apoptosis, mediated by regulation of p53 and NF-κB signalling. Thus, SCBME can be considered as a useful resource in cancer chemotherapy.

Anticancer of genus Syzygium: a systematic review

“…Polyphenols, a large and varied chemical class consisting of diverse combinations and polymers of A, has been found to have powerful anticancer capacity and may even have protective benefits on human health. A variety of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolics, and polyphenolic, are produced by plants; these compounds are powerful antioxidants and can reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress [ 74 ]. Numerous plant-based chemicals have been touted for their purported anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.…”

Phytochemical Analysis and Understanding the Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Methanol Extract from Litsea glutinosa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

“…Traditional herbal medicines have well-recognized uses as complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to manage, prevent, or cure a wide range of human diseases, including cancer [ 21 ]. Phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids, are the most copious antioxidants and plant species containing a significant amount of phenolics and flavonoids have been found to be therapeutically efficient in treating cancers [ 22 ].…”

“…For judging plant extracts as potent anticancer agents, the growth inhibition of viable EAC cells, reduction in tumor burden, increase in survival time, and restoration of hematological parameters towards normal levels are considered criteria that need to be fulfilled [ 21 ]. These all were satisfied by the LGBME when compared with the results obtained by a simultaneous experiment with a clinically recognized anticancer drug bleomycin, at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg.bw/day) ( Figure 3 and Table 4 and Table 5 ).…”