Antiproliferative activity of snake venom-derived phospholipase classes against tumor cell lines: A systematic review.

Abstract

Cancer is a global public health problem and one out of every six deaths in the world is caused by cancer. Among the different types of this pathology, melanoma-type skin cancer stands out. It is the most lethal of all in its metastatic state with characteristics of acquiring resistance to various ther-apies. Studies carried out with crotoxin extracted from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus have already confirmed in vitro cytotoxic activity against melanoma the present work aims to investigate, through a systematic review of the literature, the potential antitumor activity of phospholipase derived from snake venom against tumor cell lines in vitro studies; For this purpose, searches were performed in the Pubmed, Embase and Lilacs databases. The search was performed by combining the descriptors Phospholipase A2, Snake venoms and Antitumoral. The inclusion criteria: in vivo experimental articles and in vitro experimental articles. Exclusion criteria: articles that were out of scope, review articles, abstracts, and letters to the reader. Data extracted were: author; type of study; class of phospholipase or derivative; effective concentration used alone or in combination; cytotoxicity in vitro and/or in vivo; biological activity; and tumoral cell line tested. As addressed in the databases, the search found 44 articles; 15 were selected. In this review, it was identified that 28 cell lines tested. The tested molecules showed effectiveness at concentrations ranging from 9.25 - 350 µM. As main biological activities, PLA2s showed an increase in apoptosis rate in tumor cell lines In the studies, a reduction in the adhesion rate of tumor cell lines was also In addition, an increase in the rate of cell apoptosis was observed. Delayed cell cycle progression of tumor cell lines e and tumor volume in vivo. In addition, this review identified that the molecules could cause cytotoxic activity in non-tumor lineages at concentrations of 37 µM and 350 mM. In conclusion, this work demon-strates the importance of PLA2, indicating its potential use as a tool to identify pharmacological targets and as a prototype for developing new anticancer therapies.