Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Ligustrum vulgare L. as an Individual Treatment and in Combination with Palladium Complex

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the growth inhibitory effects of methanolic leaf and fruit extracts of L. vulgare on HCT-116 cells over different time periods and their synergistic effect with a Pd(apox) complex. The antiproliferative activity of plant extracts alone or in combination with the Pd(apox) complex was determined using MTT cell viability assay, where the IC50 value was used as a parameter of cytotoxicity. Results show that antiproliferative effects of L. vulgare extracts increase with extension of exposure time, with decreasing IC50 values, except for 72 h where the IC50 values for methanolic leaf extract were lower than for the fruit extract. The Pd(apox) complex alone had a weak antiproliferative effect, but combination with L. vulgare extracts caused stronger effects with lower IC50 values than with L. vulgare extracts alone. The type of cell death was explored by fluorescence microscopy using the acridin orange/ethidium bromide method. Treatments with plant extracts caused typical apoptotic morphological changes in HCT-116 cells and co-treatments with Pd(apox) complex caused higher levels of apoptotic cells than treatment with plant extracts alone. The results indicate that L. vulgare is a considerable source of natural bioactive substances with antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 cells and which have a substantial synergistic effect with the Pd(apox) complex.

Comparative study of genotoxicity and antimutagenicity of methanolic extracts from Teucrium chamaedrys and Teucrium montanum in human lymphocytes using micronucleus assay

“…Many studies of different cell lines (normal and malignant) suggest that polyphenols, separately and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents induced apoptosis (Ferguson 2001;Rajabalian 2008;Ć určić et al 2012), which is an important mechanism of chemoprevention and chemotherapy of cancer. In accordance with these conclusions, preventive effect of methanolic extract of T. chamaedrys was reflected in the induction of apoptosis in the cells which collected a large quantity of genetic damage induced with MMC.…”

The Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induced by A llium flavum L. and Synergistic Effects with New-Synthesized Pd(II) Complex on Colon Cancer Cells

“…Cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay (Mosmann ) and previously described in detail (Ćurčić et al . ).…”

Altered apoptosis and biotransformation signaling in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells induced by Teucrium chamaedrys L. extract

“…Method was used for investigation of pro-apoptotic activity, by detection of normal, early and late apoptotic cells, as well as necrosis. Assay protocol used in our experiments was described earlier in detail (ĆURČIĆ et al, 2012). The images were taken using fluorescence microscope at 400 x magnification.…”

“…Protein expression of Fas receptors was marked by immunofluorescence method, previously described in detail (ĆURČIĆ et al, 2014). Micrographs were taken on Nikon inverted fluorescent microscope (Ti-Eclipse) at 600 x magnification.…”