Antiproteinuric and anti‐inflammatory effects of thiazolidinedione (Review Article)

Abstract

SUMMARY:Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of chronic renal failure worldwide. Only a few oral antidiabetic drugs can be used for treating type 2 diabetes in patients with renal failure. Among them is thiazolidinedione, which is the agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g. PPAR-g receptors are expressed in many tissues including the kidney. Recently, beneficial effects of PPAR-g agonists on several aspects related to renal function have been reported. These drugs have been shown to have favourable haemodynamic and anti-inflammatory effects on the kidneys. On the other hand, there is a rising concern on the association between thiazolidinedione treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the present paper, we review the recent studies that evaluated these potential effects of thiazolidinedione in patients with kidney diseases.

Effect of Pioglitazone on Survival and Renal Function in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease

“…The only parameter that was significantly improved in PC-Pkd1-KO mice on pioglitazone was blood pressure. Other studies, using pioglitazone in primarily diabetic or obese murine models, have had mixed effects on blood pressure [1,2]. Interestingly, in our model, pioglitazone had no effect on blood pressure in control mice.…”

“…These effects predominantly involved reductions in blood pressure, albuminuria, and inflammation [1,2]. Beyond the realm of diabetes, obesity, and renal disease, TZDs are receiving attention in the oncology literature because of their anti-neoplastic properties.…”

PPARγ and chronic kidney disease

“…Thus, PPARγ agonists have multiple potential targets and effects. Numerous studies have shown a parallel improvement of metabolic abnormalities and diabetic injury in various animal models of diabetes and in human diabetics [1][2][3]. However, results from early studies also indicated that PPARγ agonists have other actions and that they are also able to promote foam cell formation from macrophages in vitro, thus potentially enhancing atherosclerosis [4].…”

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, exemplified by the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), are used to improve insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients [1][2][3]. PPARγ receptors are part of the steroid hormone nuclear receptor family.…”

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new 5-((3-(aryl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-3-phenylthiazolidine-2,4-diones

“…Diverse biological activities, namely, antihyperglycemic (Lee et al, 2005), bactericidal (Mahalle et al, 2008;Bozdag-Dundar et al, 2008a, b), pesticidal (Hyo et al, 2007), fungicidal (Deohate et al, 2004), insecticidal (Sahu et al, 2007), anticonvulsant (Altintas et al, 2006), tuberculostatic (Thaker et al, 2003), anti-inflammatory (Szeto and Li, 2008;Pastromas et al, 2008;Murugan et al, 2009;Cioni and Ramelli, 2009;Sha et al, 2009), antithyroid and potentiation of pentobarbital induced sleeping time, etc., have been associated with thiazolidinone derivatives. Different possibilities of heterocyclic modifications (Bozdag-Dundar et al, 2008a, b) with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties are the most important grounds for investigation of this class of compounds (Jeon et al, 2006;Chandrappa et al, 2008;Ramesh et al, 2004;Clark et al, 1991;Altanlar, 1999, 2006).…”