Antiprotozoal activity of Khaya anthotheca, (Welv.) C.D.C. a plant used by chimpanzees for self-medication

Obbo, C.J.D.; Makanga, B.; Mulholland, Dulcie A.; Coombes, Philip H.; Brun, Reto

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.007

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It also has implications in modern medical research, including ethnopharmacology and new drug discovery. Identifying potential new medicines is a process that can be fulfilled through various methods including random (biodiversity-based) [22], chemo-systematic [23], ecological [24], computational [25], and ethnopharmacological [26] approaches. Compared with the random model, utilizing ethnomedical use of plants method is time and money-saving and has a higher hitrate [13,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Temperaments with a Fine-Tuned Categorization Using Iranian Traditional Medicine General Ontology

Naghizadeh¹,

Hamzeheian²,

Akbari³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Iranian traditional medicine is a holistic school of medicine with a long prolific history. It describes numerous concepts and the relationships between them. However, no unified terminology has been proposed for the concepts of this medicine up to the present time. Considering the extensive use of concepts in the numerous textbooks written by the scholars over centuries, comprehending the totality of the terminology is obviously a very challenging task. To resolve this issue and overcome the obstacles, and code the concepts in a reusable manner, constructing an ontology of the concepts of Iranian traditional medicine seems a necessity.Methods: Makhzan al-Advieh, an encyclopedia of materia medica compiled by Mohammad Hossein Aghili Khorasani, was selected as the resource to create an ontology of Mizaj. The steps followed to accomplish this task included (1) compiling the list of classes for Mizaj; (2) arranging the classes in taxonomy; (3) determining object properties and their cardinalities; (4) specifying annotation properties including codes, labels, synonyms, and definitions for each concept; (5) reviewing the fields pertaining to Mizaj of all monographs in Makhzan al-Advieh. The ontology was created using Protégé with adherence to the principles of ontology development provided by the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) foundry. Results: Mizaj ontology was constructed with a final inclusion of 105 classes, three object properties, and 1078 axioms in the Iranian Traditional Medicine General Ontology database, IrGO, freely available at http://jafarilab.com/irgo/. An indented tree view and an interactive graph view using WebVOWL were used to visualize the ontology. All classes were linked to their instances in the UNaProd database to create a knowledge-base of Mizaj. Conclusion: We constructed an ontology-based knowledge base of ITM concepts of Mizaj in the domain of materia medica to help offer a shared and common understanding of this concept, enable reuse of the knowledge, and make the assumptions explicit. Extending IrGO will bridge the gap between traditional and conventional schools of medicine and help guide future research on new treatment options.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Temperaments with a Fine-Tuned Categorization Using Iranian Traditional Medicine General Ontology

Naghizadeh¹,

Hamzeheian²,

Akbari³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…This concept is also referred to as zoopharmacognosy (Barbosa et al, 2012;Forbey et al, 2009;Huffman, 2003). For example, compounds with antimalarial and antiprotozoal activity could be isolated from plant species that were ingested by chimpanzees and baboons in the wild in unusual feeding behavior, supposedly in order to control intestinal parasite infection (Krief et al, 2004;Obbo et al, 2013).…”

Section: (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review

2015

Draw Science

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Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays still represent an important pool for the identification of novel drug leads. In the past decades, pharmaceutical industry focused mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as drug discovery source. They are comparably easy to produce and resupply, and demonstrate good compatibility with established high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, at the same time there has been a declining trend in the number of new drugs reaching the market, raising renewed scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources, despite of its known challenges. In this survey, a brief outline of historical development is provided together with a comprehensive overview of used approaches and recent developments relevant to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. Associated challenges and major strengths of natural product- Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts based drug discovery are critically discussed. A snapshot of the advanced plant-derived natural products that are currently in actively recruiting clinical trials is also presented. Importantly, the transition of a natural compound from a "screening hit" through a "drug lead" to a "marketed drug" is associated with increasingly challenging demands for compound amount, which often cannot be met by re-isolation from the respective plant sources. In this regard, existing alternatives for resupply are also discussed, including different biotechnology approaches and total organic synthesis.While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discovery necessitates highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, the reviewed scientific developments, recent technological advances, and research trends clearly indicate that natural products will be among the most important sources of new drugs also in the future.

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“…Another nonrandom method of plant selection involves various ecologically-based approaches. Different authors have considered different aspects of the ecological argument, including the relationship between biodiversity and chemodiversity [8], the apparency theory [38,39], the life-strategy theory [40], chemical defenses and herbivory [41], animal behaviour [42], and phylogenetic trends [43,44]. Ramesha et al [8] have considered the relationship between biodiversity and chemodiversity.…”

Section: The Ecological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local people use the bitter bark and seeds to treat fevers and febrile conditions as well as microbial and worm infestations. Baboons and chimpanzees in Western Uganda have been seen to eat the bark and seeds, which have no nutritional value and are bitter in taste [42]. The petroleum extract of Khaya anthotheca (Meliaceae) showed good activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (IC 50 = 0.955 µg/mL) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense STIB 900 (IC 50 = 5.72 µg/mL).…”

Section: The Ecological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Useful Methods for Targeted Plant Selection in the Discovery of Potential New Drug Candidates

Schwikkard

Mulholland

2014

Planta Med

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Abstract:The efficient and effective selection of appropriate plants for investigative purposes in a drug discovery program is of crucial importance for a successful outcome. A variety of approaches have been used by researches with varying levels of success. A variety of different approaches to plant selection are discussed, including the ethnomedicinal approach, some ecological approaches and the use of combinatorial and computational methodologies.

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Antiprotozoal activity of Khaya anthotheca, (Welv.) C.D.C. a plant used by chimpanzees for self-medication

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Revisiting Temperaments with a Fine-Tuned Categorization Using Iranian Traditional Medicine General Ontology

Revisiting Temperaments with a Fine-Tuned Categorization Using Iranian Traditional Medicine General Ontology

Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review

Useful Methods for Targeted Plant Selection in the Discovery of Potential New Drug Candidates

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