Antipsychotic Dosing and Drug Delivery

Rabin, Cara R.; Siegel, Steven J.

doi:10.1007/7854_2010_46

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Recent advances in pharmacology have shown that continuous high D 2 receptor occupancy from antipsychotics is not as critical as once thought (Remington and Kapur, 2010). Drugs that produce only transient binding to the receptor have been shown to be clinically effective in treating schizophrenia and the same behavioral response can be maintained at lower levels of occupancy (Rabin and Siegel, 2010; Kapur et al , 2000). The present study could be used to determine possible parameters of clinical treatment to create dosing regimens that would lower the adverse side-effects of antipsychotics as well as produce necessary symptom alleviation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric studies of antipsychotic-induced sensitization in the conditioned avoidance response model

Swalve

2012

Behavioural Pharmacology

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Repeated haloperidol and olanzapine treatment produces an enhanced disruption of avoidance responding, a validated measure of antipsychotic activity. Experimental parameters affecting this sensitization-like effect have not been thoroughly examined. The present study investigated the role of three parameters (number of injections, dose, and interval between initial exposure and challenge) in antipsychotic sensitization in the conditioned avoidance response paradigm. Well-trained Sprague–Dawley rats received different numbers of drug treatment (1–5 days) or different doses of haloperidol (0.025–0.10 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or olanzapine (0.5–2.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously). After certain time intervals (4, 10 or 17 days), they were tested for the expression of haloperidol or olanzapine sensitization in a challenge test in which all rats were injected with a lower dose of haloperidol (0.025 mg/kg) or olanzapine (0.5 mg/kg). Throughout the drug-treatment period, both haloperidol and olanzapine dose-dependently enhanced their disruption of avoidance responding. Three days later, the sensitization induced by a low dose of haloperidol (0.025 mg/kg) or olanzapine (0.5 mg/kg) was only apparent in rats that received treatment for 5 days, but not in those that received treatment for 1–4 days. The sensitization induced by the medium and high doses of haloperidol (0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg) or olanzapine (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) was still robust even with only 3 days of treatment. The sensitization induced by a 3-day haloperidol (0.10 mg/kg) and olanzapine (2.0 mg/kg) treatment was long-lasting, still detectable 17 days after the last drug treatment. This study suggests that antipsychotic sensitization is a robust behavioral phenomenon. Its induction and expression are strongly influenced by parameters such as number of drug exposures, drug dose, and test–retest interval. Given the importance of antipsychotic sensitization in the maintenance of antipsychotic effects in the clinic, this study introduces a paradigm that can be used to investigate the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms underlying antipsychotic sensitization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric studies of antipsychotic-induced sensitization in the conditioned avoidance response model

Swalve

2012

Behavioural Pharmacology

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“…The first drug for the treatment of schizophrenia, chlorpromazine, was first used in 1952, but already in the 60s researchers tried to develop long-acting substances consisting of an antipsychotic agent and fat-soluble solution [ 130 ].…”

Section: Drug Delivery For Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, such combined drugs increase exposure to oral medications, further reducing morbidity and mortality [ 132 ]. As nanocarriers bypass the gastrointestinal tract, such a type of therapy reduces the amount of medication needed and can minimize some peripheral side effects, including hepatotoxicity and hyperprolactinemia [ 130 ].…”

Section: Drug Delivery For Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Carrier Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Advantages and Limitations

et al. 2020

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Neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the main causes of disability, affecting millions of people. Various drugs are used for its treatment, although no effective therapy has been found yet. The blood brain barrier (BBB) significantly complicates drugs delivery to the target cells in the brain tissues. One of the problem-solving methods is the usage of nanocontainer systems. In this review we summarized the data about nanoparticles drug delivery systems and their application for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Firstly, we described and characterized types of nanocarriers: inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric and lipid nanocarriers, their advantages and disadvantages. We discussed ways to interact with nerve tissue and methods of BBB penetration. We provided a summary of nanotechnology-based pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder and Alzheimer’s disease, where development of nanocontainer drugs derives the most active. We described various experimental drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease that include vector nanocontainers targeted on β-amyloid or tau-protein. Integrally, nanoparticles can substantially improve the drug delivery as its implication can increase BBB permeability, the pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of applied drugs. Thus, nanotechnology is anticipated to overcome the limitations of existing pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders and to effectively combine various treatment modalities in that direction.

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“…There are many antipsychotic drugs, all more or less equally effective, but with somewhat different side effects and requiring administration at different doses in order to assure efficacy. In order for antipsychotic action to take place, 60–80% of receptors need to be occupied [59]. Adjunctive treatments for psychosis are: ensuring safety, adequate sleep and adequate fluid intake and nutrition.…”

Section: How Is Psychosis Treated?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Women and Psychosis

Seeman

2012

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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'brain', or 'neurodevelopment' or 'cognition' or 'antipsychotics', or 'treatment', or 'side effects' or 'suicide' or 'mortality' into PubMed, PsycINFO and SOCINDEX. Rates of psychosis may differ by gender, as do severity, onset and duration of illness, lifetime course of symptoms, response to treatment, impact on functioning and general quality of life. Added considerations for women with psychotic illness are the concomitant demands of reproduction and the challenges of child-rearing in socioeconomic straits with few supports, in addition to being under the constant threat of losing one's custodial rights. Male/female differences in the expression of psychosis may, in part, be a result of differential levels and time courses of hormones. Estrogens, for instance, are known to exert a neuroprotective effect [2]. Estrogens have many actions in the CNS, among which is an important effect on mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine neurons that modulate the expression of neuropsychiatric symptoms [3].

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Antipsychotic Dosing and Drug Delivery

Cited by 6 publications

References 120 publications

Parametric studies of antipsychotic-induced sensitization in the conditioned avoidance response model

Parametric studies of antipsychotic-induced sensitization in the conditioned avoidance response model

Nano Carrier Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Advantages and Limitations

Women and Psychosis

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