Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression Among Foreign-Born HIV-Infected Persons Receiving Medical Care in the United States

Myers, Tanya R.; Lin, Xia; Skarbinski, Jacek

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000003051

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, after non-U.S.-born Black adults receive HIV diagnosis and access HIV medical care, they are as likely as U.S.born Black adults to be engaged and to be retained in HIV-related medical care after diagnosis. A recent national study reported no substantial difference in the prevalence ratio of antiretroviral prescription and viral suppression between U.S-born and non-U.S.-born persons with an HIV diagnosis [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differences Between U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Black Adults Reported with Diagnosed HIV Infection: United States, 2008–2014

Demeke

Johnson

et al. 2018

J Immigrant Minority Health

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Despite improvements in its treatment, HIV infection continues to affect Blacks disproportionally. Using National HIV Surveillance System data from 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, we examined demographic and epidemiologic differences between U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born Black adults. Of 110,452 Black adults reported with diagnosed HIV during 2008-2014 with complete country of birth information, 11.1% were non-U.S.-born. Non-U.S.-born were more likely to be older, female, have HIV infection attributed to heterosexual contact, have been diagnosed late, and live in the northeastern U.S. region. During 2014, the HIV diagnosis rate among African-born Black females was 1.4 times the rate of U.S.-born Black males, 2 times the rate of African-born Black males, and 5.3 times the rate of U.S.-born Black females. We elucidate the differences between U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born Blacks on which to base culturally appropriate HIV-prevention programs and policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differences Between U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Black Adults Reported with Diagnosed HIV Infection: United States, 2008–2014

Demeke

Johnson

et al. 2018

J Immigrant Minority Health

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“…Meanwhile, in a study by the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS which investigated treatment outcomes among those who initiated cART at high CD4 cell count, 80% of study participants were male. Similarly, male represent 71.6% of PLHIV in the study of cART and viral suppression among immigrants in the US 23 . The exposure category of the heterosexual is considered the main mode of HIV transmission in Yemen as seen in most countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Selected Outcomes of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Yemen Cohort Retrospective Descriptive Studies

Nabih

Puteh

Nur

2019

Sci Rep

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In 2007, HIV treatment services were established in five main governorates out of twenty-two which resulted in low access to services and poor treatment outcomes. The main goal of this study was to evaluate and analyse the selected treatment outcomes of eight cohorts of PLHIV who were treated with cART during 2007–2014. The method used was a retrospective descriptive study of 1,703 PLHIV who initiated cART at five public health facilities. The results: Retention rate was less than 80%, male: female ratio 1.661, with a mean age of 35 years (±9.2 SD), 85% had been infected with HIV via heterosexual contact. 65% of patients presented with clinical stages 3 and 4, and 52% of them were initiated cART at a CD4 T-cell count ≤200 cells/mm. 61% of cART included Tenofovir and Efavirenz. TB treatment started for 5% of PLHIV, and 22% developed HIV-related clinical manifestations after cART initiation. 67% of PLHIV had experienced cART substitution. The mean AIDS-mortality rate was 15% and the mean LTFU rate was 16%. Conclusion: Although cART showed effectiveness in public health, mobilization of resources and formulation of better health policies are important steps toward improving access to cART and achieving the desired treatment outcomes.

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“…This finding was not anticipated because non-U.S.-born populations typically have been disproportionally lacking health coverage and receive fewer medical services than U.S.-born persons [ 8 ]. An examination of healthcare coverages demonstrated that a substantially higher proportion of non-U.S.-born persons were uninsured and received Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) assistance, compared with U.S.-born persons receiving HIV infection-related medical care [ 19 ]. RWHAP provides services for persons living with HIV who are uninsured [ 20 ] and offsets the lack of healthcare coverage that would otherwise have hindered linkage to HIV care and treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, previous reports on viral suppression are mixed. In one study, non-U.S.-born persons in the Caribbean region achieved almost similar viral suppression, compared with U.S.-born persons (73.4% versus 73.3%) and lower viral suppression, compared with non-U.S.-born persons from Africa (73.4% versus 78.3%) [ 19 ]. Another study reported substantial differences between U.S.-, African-, and Caribbean-born persons with HIV infection in 2009 by using a national representative sample in which Caribbean-born persons achieved substantially less viral suppression than African- or U.S.-born persons [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection-Related Care Outcomes among U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Blacks with Diagnosed HIV in 40 U.S. Areas: The National HIV Surveillance System, 2016

Demeke

Johnson

Zhu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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HIV care outcomes must be improved to reduce new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and health disparities. HIV infection-related care outcome measures were examined for U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born black persons aged ≥13 years by using National HIV Surveillance System data from 40 U.S. areas. These measures include late-stage HIV diagnosis, timing of linkage to medical care after HIV diagnosis, retention in care, and viral suppression. Ninety-five percent of non-U.S.-born blacks had been born in Africa or the Caribbean. Compared with U.S.-born blacks, higher percentages of non-U.S.-born blacks with HIV infection diagnosed during 2016 received a late-stage diagnoses (28.3% versus 19.1%) and were linked to care in ≤1 month after HIV infection diagnosis (76.8% versus 71.3%). Among persons with HIV diagnosed in 2014 and who were alive at year-end 2015, a higher percentage of non-U.S.-born blacks were retained in care (67.8% versus 61.1%) and achieved viral suppression (68.7% versus 57.8%). Care outcomes varied between African- and Caribbean-born blacks. Non-U.S.-born blacks achieved higher care outcomes than U.S.-born blacks, despite delayed entry to care. Possible explanations include a late-stage presentation that requires immediate linkage and optimal treatment and care provided through government-funded programs.

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Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression Among Foreign-Born HIV-Infected Persons Receiving Medical Care in the United States

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Differences Between U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Black Adults Reported with Diagnosed HIV Infection: United States, 2008–2014

Differences Between U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Black Adults Reported with Diagnosed HIV Infection: United States, 2008–2014

Evaluation of Selected Outcomes of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Yemen Cohort Retrospective Descriptive Studies

HIV Infection-Related Care Outcomes among U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Blacks with Diagnosed HIV in 40 U.S. Areas: The National HIV Surveillance System, 2016

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