Antisaccade task reflects cortical involvement in mild cognitive impairment

Heuer, Hilary W.; Mirsky, Jacob B.; Kong, Erwin; Dickerson, Bradford C.; Miller, Bruce L.; Kramer, Joel H.; Boxer, Adam L.

doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a6cbfe

Cited by 84 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…37 Aging is associated with deterioration of saccadic eye movemnt 38 that may be due to age-related changes of the frontal cortex that mediate saccade generation, 38 and such effects may become even more pronounced in AD due to structural alterations of the frontal lobe. Abnormal saccadic eye movement may be an early indicator of AD, 19 and an anti-saccade task has been linked with structural alterations in frontoparietal brain regions in patients with AD, but not in normal elderly. 19 As such, poorer performance on the K-D may be capturing distinct AD-related pathological changes that affect saccadic oculomotor function, but this possibility awaits empirical test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening Utility of the King-Devick Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

Galetta

Chapman

Essis

et al. 2017

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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The King-Devick Test (K-D) is a 1–2-minute, rapid number naming test, often used to assist with detection of concussion, but also has clinical utility in other neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson’s disease). The K-D involves saccadic eye and other eye movements, and abnormalities thereof may be an early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated cognitive impairment. No study has tested the utility of the K-D in AD and we sought to do so. The sample included 206 (135 controls, 39 MCI, and 32 AD dementia) consecutive subjects from the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center registry undergoing their initial annual evaluation between March 2013 and July 2015; the timeframe the K-D was administered. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated from logistic regression models revealed the K-D test distinguished controls from subjects with cognitive impairment (MCI and AD dementia) (AUC=0.72), MCI (AUC=0.71) and AD dementia (AUC=0.74). K-D time scores between 48 and 52 seconds were associated with high sensitivity (>90.0%) and negative predictive values (>85.0%) for each diagnostic group. The K-D correlated strongly with validated attention, processing speed, and visual scanning tests. The K-D test may be a rapid and simple effective screening tool to detect cognitive impairment associated with AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Saccadic eye movement impairments are one of the most commonly documented forms of oculomotor dysfunction in AD patients, 17–19 and have been recently reported in patients with the posterior cortical atrophy variant of AD. 20 Additional studies have also demonstrated that patients with amnestic MCI exhibit abnormal saccades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Utility of the King-Devick Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

Galetta

Chapman

Essis

et al. 2017

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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“…Other cognitive measurements have also been used in MCI and AD. For example, an anti-saccade task is a measurement for executive function and correlated with AD-sensitive cortical thickness in MCI subjects, but not in normal elderly patients as reported by Heuer [108]. A study using a new cognitive test, hard test your memory (H-TYM), in 97 mild AD/MCI and 200 control subjects demonstrated a significant detection of mild AD/MCI who “pass” the MMSE from controls [109].…”

Section: Sex Differences In Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Singh

2014

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

429

286

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Studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains and risk of Alzheimer’s disease between the men and women at later age. However it is important to know that sex differences in cognitive function during adulthood may have their basis in both organizational effects, i.e., occurring as early as during the neuronal development period, as well as in activational effects, where the influence of the sex steroids influence brain function in adulthood. Further, the rate of cognitive decline with aging is also different between the sexes. Understanding the biology of sex differences in cognitive function will not only provide insight into Alzheimer’s disease prevention, but also is integral to the development of personalized, gender-specific medicine. This review draws on epidemiological, translational, clinical, and basic science studies to assess the impact of sex differences in cognitive function from young to old, and examines the effects of sex hormone treatments on Alzheimer’s disease in men and women.

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“…14,17,18,20 Antisaccades may provide not only a functional index of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is damaged in the later stages of AD, but also a tool for monitoring the progression of AD. 6 A more recent study 21 used an antisaccadic paradigm as a way of testing inhibitory control in AD patients. The results showed that AD patients were impaired relative to the mild cognitive impairement in participants and healthy controls.…”

Section: Clinical Ocular Motor Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular motor abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders

Antoniades

Kennard

2014

Eye

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Eye movements are a source of valuable information to both clinicians and scientists as abnormalities of them frequently act as clues to the localization of a disease process. Classically, they are divided into two main types: those that hold the gaze, keeping images steady on the retina (vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes) and those that shift gaze and redirect the line of sight to a new object of interest (saccades, vergence, and smooth pursuit). Here we will review some of the major ocular motor abnormalities present in neurodegenerative disorders.

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Antisaccade task reflects cortical involvement in mild cognitive impairment

Abstract: The AS task is a useful measure of executive function across the AD spectrum. In MCI, AS performance may reflect disease burden within cortical brain regions involved in oculomotor control; however, AS impairments in NE may have etiologies other than incipient AD.

Cited by 84 publications

References 31 publications

Screening Utility of the King-Devick Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

Screening Utility of the King-Devick Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Ocular motor abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders

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