Antiscaling treatment of water by an electric field in heat-supply networks

Physical water treatment using RF electric fields for the mitigation of CaCO3 fouling in cooling water

“…Numerous studies have been reported for the effectiveness of the use of permanent magnets [3,4,8,11,[17][18][19][20], solenoid coils [3,4,8,[21][22][23][24], catalytic materials like copper, zinc [25,26], and titanium [16], and ultrasounds [10]. In this paper, RF (radio frequency) electric fields generated between two graphite electrode plates directly in water were used to mitigate mineral fouling in a doublepipe heat exchanger.…”