Antisocial features and “faking bad”: A critical note

Niesten, Isabella J. M.; Nentjes, Lieke; Bernstein, David P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.03.005

Cited by 22 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as was expected on the basis of previous research, forensic outpatients scored higher on symptom over‐reporting (e.g., Niesten et al ., ), alexithymia (Hornsveld & Kraaimaat, ; Manninen, Therman, Suvisaari et al ., ;), and sleep problems (Kamphuis et al ., ) than non‐forensic participants. Second, replicating earlier studies (e.g., Bauermann et al ., ), we found alexithymia and sleep problems to be related to each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptom over-reporting has been particularly well-studied in forensic settings (e.g., Wygant, Sellbom, Ben-Porath, Stafford, Freeman & Heilbronner, 2007), where the presence of incentives (e.g., financial compensation for injuries; evasion of criminal responsibility) is often so obvious that an interpretation of over-reporting in terms of malingering possesses prima facie plausibility. Indeed, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) holds that the forensic setting itself is a red flag for malingering (but see Niesten, Nentjes, Merckelbach & Bernstein, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, we measured over-reporting of eccentric symptoms, alexithymia, and sleep problems in forensic psychiatric patients and non-forensic participants. On the basis of previous work, we anticipated that forensic outpatients would score higher on symptom over-reporting (e.g., Niesten et al, 2015), alexithymia (Hornsveld & Kraaimaat, 2012), and sleep problems (Kamphuis, Dijk, Spreen & Lancel, 2014) than non-forensic participants. We were specifically interested in whether a connection between alexithymia and over-reporting would emerge in forensic and non-forensic participants and if so, whether it would remain intact when correcting for sleep problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alexithymia as a potential source of symptom over‐reporting: An exploratory study in forensic patients and non‐forensic participants

Prins

Bošković

Niesten

et al. 2018

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The traditional interpretation of symptom over-reporting is that it indicates malingering. We explored a different perspective, namely that over-reporting of eccentric symptoms is related to deficits in articulating internal experiences (i.e., alexithymia). Given that alexithymia has been linked to sleep problems and that fatigue may fuel inattentive responding to symptom lists, we administered measures of alexithymia (TAS-20) and symptom over-reporting (SIMS), but also sleep quality (SLEEP-50) to forensic psychiatric outpatients (n = 40) and non-forensic participants (n = 40). Forensic patients scored significantly higher on all three indices than non-forensic participants. In the total sample as well as in subsamples, over-reporting correlated positively and significantly with alexithymia, with rs being in the 0.50-0.65 range. Sleep problems were also related to over-reporting, but in the full sample and in the forensic subsample, alexithymia predicted variance in over-reporting over and above sleep problems. Although our study is cross-sectional in nature, its results indicate that alexithymia as a potential source of over-reporting merits systematic research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alexithymia as a potential source of symptom over‐reporting: An exploratory study in forensic patients and non‐forensic participants

Prins

Bošković

Niesten

et al. 2018

Scandinavian J Psychology

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“…In fact, early reviews (Clark, 1997;DeMatteo & Edens, 2006) concluded that there is a paucity of studies demonstrating the link between antisocial behavior and malingering. More recently, Niesten, Nentjes, Merckelbach, and Bernstein (2015) conducted a systematic search by means of several databases and confirmed the mixed findings in this domain: of the seven studies found that explore whether psychopathic and antisocial behavior are related to symptom overreporting, four found an association-albeit a relatively weak one-(e.g., Heinze & Vess, 2005;, one did not find a relation (Pierson, Rosenfeld, Green, & Belfi, 2011), and two produced conflicting results (Cima & van Oorsouw, 2013;Sumanti, Boone, Savodnik, & Gorsuch, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Even if psychopathic traits would confer no aptitude for malingering directly, they could still lead to gains in proficiency through practice, as they may prompt individuals to engage in malingering more frequently. However, there is hardly any support for the hypothesis that antisocial and psychopathic traits foster the ability to malinger (e.g., Marion et al, 2013;for an overview, see Niesten et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All that looks grave is not grievous. Not all those who wince are in pain

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Chapter 1 General introduction Chapter 2 Biased symptom reporting and antisocial behavior in forensic samples: A weak link Chapter 3 Antisocial features are not predictive of symptom exaggeration in forensic patients Chapter 4 The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS): A systematic review and meta-analysis Chapter 5 Detecting feigned cognitive impairment with Schretlen's Malingering Scale Vocabulary and Abstraction test Chapter 6 Differentiating factitious from malingered symptomatology: The development of a psychometric approach

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Moral Reminders Do Not Reduce Symptom Over-Reporting Tendencies

Niesten

Müller

Dandachi-FitzGerald

et al. 2017

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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Is presenting patients with moral reminders prior to psychological testing a fruitful deterrence strategy for symptom over-reporting? We addressed this question in three ways. In study 1, we presented individuals seeking treatment for ADHD complaints (n = 24) with moral primes using the Mother Teresa Questionnaire and compared their scores on an index of symptom over-reporting (i.e., the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, SIMS) with those of unprimed patient controls (n = 27). Moral primes slightly decreased SIMS scores, but the effect was not significant. In study 2, we took a different approach to activate moral categories: we recruited individuals seeking treatment for ADHD complaints and asked some of them to sign a moral contract (i.e., prime; n = 19) declaring that they would complete the tests in an honest way and compared their scores on the SIMS and standard clinical scales measuring self-reported psychopathology with those of unprimed patient controls (n = 17). Again, we found no convincing evidence that moral cues suppress symptom over-reporting. In study 3, we gave individuals from the general population (N = 132) positive, negative, or neutral moral primes and implicitly induced them to feign symptoms, after which they completed a brief validated version of the SIMS and an adapted version of the b Test (i.e., an underperformance measure). Again, primes did not affect over-reporting tendencies. Taken together, our findings illustrate that moral reminders are not going to be useful in clinical practice. Rather, they point towards the importance of studying contextual and individual difference factors that guide moral decision-making in patients and may be modified to discourage symptom over-reporting.

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Antisocial features and “faking bad”: A critical note

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Alexithymia as a potential source of symptom over‐reporting: An exploratory study in forensic patients and non‐forensic participants

Alexithymia as a potential source of symptom over‐reporting: An exploratory study in forensic patients and non‐forensic participants

All that looks grave is not grievous. Not all those who wince are in pain

Moral Reminders Do Not Reduce Symptom Over-Reporting Tendencies

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