Antispasmodic and antioxidant activities of fractions and bioactive constituent davidigenin isolated from Mascarenhasia arborescens

Effects of the aqueous extract of Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. (Pittosporaceae) stem barks on spontaneous and spasmogen-induced contractile activity of isolated rat duodenum

“…Total polyphenol content (TPC) in the extract was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method as previously described by Desire et al (2010). Briefly, 0.5 mL of sample extract solution (with appropriate dilution to obtain absorbance in the range of the prepared calibration curve) was mixed with 2.5 mL of 10 times diluted Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.…”

“…They were then sacrificed by cervical dislocation without anesthesia to prevent influence on contractile responses of the tissue (Borgi and Chouchane, 2009). After a laparotomy incision, 2-3 small segments of duodenum (1.5-2 cm long) were excised from close to the gastro-intestinal junction, placed in a cold oxygenated Tyrode's solution with the following composition in mM: NaCl 136.90, KCl 2.68, MgCl 2 1.05, CaCl 2 1.87, NaHCO 3 11.90, NaH 2 PO 4 0.42, and glucose 5.55 (Emendörfer et al, 2005;Desire et al, 2010) and gently cleaned of fat and adherent connective tissues. The strips were subsequently suspended in a 20 mL organ bath containing Tyrode's solution maintained at 37 1C and continuously bubbled with carbogen (5% CO 2 and 95% O 2 ) to maintain the pH at 7.4 (Rodriguez et al, 2006).…”

“…Concentration-response curves were constructed, and the EC 50 and E max were then determined (Borrelli et al, 2009;Desire. et al, 2010).…”

“…Then, the preparation was pretreated with a single concentration of PMAE (20, 40 or 80 mg/mL) or control drug (atropine, 0.713 mg/mL) for 10 min and the concentrationresponse curve to carbachol was re-examined in the continuous presence of the drug (Horio et al, 1998;Gilani et al, 2008;Desire et al, 2010). Following a similar protocol (Matsumoto et al, 2009;Desire et al, 2010), the effect of PMAE was examined on rat duodenum contraction induced contractions induced by histamine (10 À 9 -10 À 4 M) administered cumulatively every 1 min. Promethazine (0.5 mg/mL) was used as a positive control.…”

“…One of the most important affections in gastrointestinal tract is diarrhea, which may be produced by some infections or increase in motility (Hejazian-Y et al, 2009). This pathology is often accompanied by intestinal spasms that cause abdominal cramps and pain (Desire et al, 2010). Diarrhea continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity especially in children in developing countries (Lin et al, 2002).…”