Antistaphylococcal and Antibiotic Resistance Modulatory Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Resistant Phenotypes

Abstract

Background In this study, 18 methanol extracts from Cameroonian edible plants were tested for their antibacterial activities against 26 strains of S. aureus; the role of efflux pumps in the resistance of tested bacteria and the antibiotic resistance-modulating activities against selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were also investigated. Methods Broth microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity, the role of efflux pumps, and the antibiotic resistance-modulating effects of plant extracts. Results Extracts from Dacryodes edulis seeds (DES) and Dacryodes edulis bark (DEB) were active against all 26 tested bacterial strains, within the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 256–1024 µg/mL. MIC values varied from 64 to 1024 µg/mL against 96.2% of the 26 tested bacteria for Phaseolus vulgaris leaves (PVL), 92.3% for Azadirachta indica bark (AIB), Dacryodes edulis leaves (DEL), and Ricinodendron heudelotii leaves (RHL). The lowest MIC value of 64 µg/mL was obtained with the extract from Cucurbita maxima beans (CMB) against MRSA4 strain and from Uapaca guineensis bark (UGB) against MRSA9 strain. Bacterial efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), improved the activity of DES and UGB as well as that of extracts from Hibiscus esculentus leaves (HEL) and Uapaca guineensis leaves (UGL) against resistant S. aureus strains. Antibiotic-modulating effects against more than 70% of the S. aureus strains tested were obtained when RHL (at MIC/2) was combined with CIP, ERY, and KAN (88.89%), CHL (88.89%), TET (77.78%), and STR (88.89%). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the 13 tested plants had antistaphylococcal effects and that DES, HEL, UGL, and UGB could be used in combination with EPI to combat resistance to Staphylococcus aureus. Also, it demonstrated that some studied extracts and mostly RHL could be used as antibiotic resistance modulators to fight against resistant strains of S. aureus.

Botanical from the medicinal spice, Piper capense is safe as demonstrated by oral acute and subchronic toxicity investigations

“…Secondary metabolites contained in plants due to their multiple biological activities are increasingly the preferred target in the scientific community's search for new and effective drug substances (Cowan, 1999). Several scientific studies have demonstrated the pharmacological properties of a number of medicinal and edible plants (Wamba et al, 2018;Bobasa et al, 2018;Mbaveng et al, 2018). However, only a few studies published have investigated the in vivo toxicity of food spices.…”

Ethnopharmacology of Anacardiaceae R. Br. from Northeast Brazil

“…Although the S. mombin leaves was not recorded in this study, tests indicate antibacterial (BRITO et al, 2018c;WAMBA et al, 2018), antidiabetic (GOODIES et al, 2015, uterine contraction-inducing (PAKOUSSI et al, 2018) and antioxidants (OJO et al, 2018) from compounds extracted from this organ. This plant is frequently cited in the treatment of malaria in several indigenous groups in the Amazon (CARABALLO et al, 2004;RUIZ et al, 2011; and also in Africa (IDOWU et al, 2010;KOUDOUVO et al, 2011;TRAORÉ et al, 2013;YETEIN et al, 2013), and its phytochemistry has been extensively investigated, revealing terpenes, phenols, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and sterols as important constituents of the various parts of this plant (HAMANO; MERCADANTE, 2001;VASCO et al, 2008;TIBURSKI et al, 2011;ASUQUO et al, 2013;LOURENÇO et al, 2018).…”

Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of the Irvingia Species

“…As a result, the treatment significantly reduced the mouse pathogenic conditions by 80 and 60%, 80 and 80%, and 60 and 40% for the aqueous, methanol, and hexane extracts, respectively [43] (Table 6). Wamba et al [44] demonstrated the anti-staphylococcal activity of the methanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis leaves against seven (7) clinical isolates, namely SA18, SA23, SA56, SA116, MRSA3, MRSA9, and MRSA11, with an MIC value of 1024 µg/mL [44]. In addition, Olanrewaju et al [13] assessed the antibacterial activity of the chloroform extract of I. gabonensis leaves against a series of bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans).…”