Antistatic and wetting properties of chemodegradable cationic surfactants containing 1,3‐dioxolane moiety

Abstract

C 13 H 27 ), [(2,2-dialkyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)methyl]dimethylammonium bromides (C n C m -D-TAB, where C n = n-C 8 H 17 , n-C 10 H 21 and C m = CH 3 or C n = C m = n-C 6 H 13 ), in relation to classical alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (C n -TAB, where C n = n-C 12 H 25 , n-C 14 H 29 or C 16 H 33 ) and dialkyldimethylammonium bromides (C n C m -DAB, where C n = C m = n-C 10 H 21 and C 12 H 25 ). Antistatic properties were measured by means of surface resistance (R s ), half charge decay time (τ 1/2 ), and maximal voltage induced (U ind ) on polyethylene (PE) film and polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric. Wetting ability is reported as the concentration of surfactant necessary for immersion of a cottonfabric ring in 100 s, according to the Polish Standard PN-74/C-04800. All acetal-type surfactants showed the antistatic effect. The best results were given by C 9 -D-TAB [R s = 8.5 · 10 7 (PE), 1.1 · 10 8 Ω (PP); τ 1/2 = 0.25 (PE), 0.30 s (PP); U ind = 205 (PE), 220 V (PP)] and C 11 -D-TAB [R s = 8.7 · 10 7 (PE), 1.3 · 10 8 Ω (PP); τ 1/2 = 0.25 (PE), 0.30 s (PP); U ind = 190 (PE), 340 V (PP)] in relation to pure PE foils and PP fabric: R s = 3.0 · 10 14 (PE), 9.8 · 10 14 Ω (PP); τ 1/2 = >600 (PE), >600 s (PP); U ind = 985 (PE), 940 V (PP). Both C 9 -D-TAB and C 11 -D-TAB indicate similar degrees of antistatic ability compared to C 10 C 10 -DAB. All C n -TAB compounds do not show any antistatic effects. It was concluded that addition of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety to the hydrophobic tail of quaternary ammonium salts promotes both antistatic and wetting properties. Additionally, methyl or n-hexyl group incorporation at the C-2 carbon atom in the 1,3-dioxolane ring significantly decreases the surface conductivity.Paper no. S1149 in JSD 3, 207-211 (April 2000). KEY WORDS:Antistatic effect, cyclic acetal-type surfactants, 1,3-dioxolane ammonium salts, quaternary ammonium salt, wetting ability.Cationic chemodegradable surfactants have recently generated increased interest (1,2). Cyclic acetal-type cationic surfactants can be considered as potential antistatic, environmentally acceptable compounds providing substituents to generally applied alkyltrimethylammonium or dialkyldimethylammonium halides.Antistatic agents (antistats) are substances that, added to textiles or plastic materials, reduce their propensity to accumulate electrostatic charges. The main groups of antistats include ionic compounds such as quaternary ammonium salts and amines. Ammonium salts have proved to be very effective antistats and are the subject of many scientific dissertations (3,4). Among the quaternary ammonium salt derivatives the best antistatic properties have been shown with dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides and bromides (alkyl: C 16 -C 24 ) (5), N-[3-alkyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-N,N-dihydroxyethyl-N-methylammonium methylsulfates (alkyl: C 8 -C 18 ) (6), imidazolium salts (7,8) and derivatives of betaine (9). These antistats increase electrical conductivity of the material by increasing its surface conductivity. As in the case of textiles, antistats fo...

Synthesis and aggregation behaviors of tail-branched surfactant Guerbet-cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

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Ortho ester‐based cleavable cationic surfactants

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Micellar Properties for Propoxylated Surfactants in Water/Alcohol Solvent Mixtures and Their Antibacterial and Polyester Fabric Antistatic Performances

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