Antithrombotic activity of flavonoids and polyphenols rich plant species

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most notable health problems of the modern civilization. Stroke and heart attack often lead to lethal outcome; essential problem underneath being thrombus formation. Prophylactic approaches include acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel therapy on the level of primary hemostasis, i.e., primary clot formation. In the last five years, in the USA, health care expenses related to cardiovascular diseases have increased 50 %, to over 350 billion dollars. Thus, application of plant species and medicinal plants rich in polyphenols in prevention of thrombus formation are of interest. This is supported by the fact that the number of publications on antiaggregatory effect of polyphenols has doubled in the last decade. In this review we focus on antiaggregatory effect of most abundant polyphenols – flavonoids, the effect of plant extracts rich in polyphenols (propolis, species Salvia sp., Calamintha nepeta L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Melissa officinalis L, Mentha x piperita L., Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on platelet aggregation, association of chemical composition and antioxidant properties with the observed biological effect, and possible clinical significance of the published results.

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

“…They are classified into many subclasses based on variation in the central carbon ring viz., flavanones, flavonols, flavones, flavan, isoflavones and anthocyanidins [ 89 ]. There has been accumulating scientific interest in the study range of flavonoids that demonstrate the following pharmacological functions: antioxidant [ 90 , 91 ], antidiabetic and anti-obesity [ 92 , 93 ], hypolipidemic [ 94 ], anti-inflammatory [ 95 ], antimicrobial [ 96 , 97 , 98 ], anticancer [ 99 , 100 , 101 ], anti-aging [ 102 ], antiallergic and antithrombotic [ 103 ], hepatoprotective [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ], cardioprotective [ 108 ], neuroprotective [ 109 ], nephroprotective [ 110 ], protect from lung injury [ 111 ] and improving endothelial function, adjourning age-related cognitive and neurodegenerative diseases [ 112 , 113 ]. The evidence has validated that the prolonged consumption of dietary flavonoids at higher quantity has also produced minor side effects, which may arise due to the shortage of bioavailability and gut permeability as well as the greater metabolic rate [ 114 ].…”

Links between Biomass of (Cremastra Appendiculata) Stems Cuticle and Elevation by Big Data of Long-Time Wild Investigation in Mei County

“…Indeed, better regional regulators and local government need better planning and regulation a lot of medicinal plant management sustainability of ecosystems by the researches on biomass of stems cuticle along elevation and environments with dynamics of biodiversity in the global, local, regional natural ecosystem types with the ways "big data" investigation, quantitative statistics, scientific analysis for better future of vegetation ecosystems and human health at the STEDS [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

From Preclinical Stroke Models to Humans: Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke

“…Many polyphenols are endowed with anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities, potentially contributing to the prevention of thrombus formation, the main cause of ischemic stroke [49,50]. For example, several coumarin derivatives exert anticoagulant properties by inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex and are widely used as clinical anticoagulant agents [51].…”