Antithrombotic and Antiatherosclerotic Properties of Olive Oil and Olive Pomace Polar Extracts in Rabbits

Abstract

Olive oil polar lipid (OOPL) extract has been reported to inhibit atherosclerosis development on rabbits. Olive pomace polar lipid (PPL) extract inhibits PAF activity in vitro and the most potent antagonist has been identified as a glycerylether-sn-2-acetyl glycolipid with common structural characteristics with the respective potent antagonist of OOPL. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPL on early atherosclerosis development on rabbits and to compare it with the antiatherosclerotic effect of OOPL. OOPL and PPL inhibition potency, towards both PAF action and PAF binding, was tested in vitro on washed rabbit platelets. Consequently, rabbits were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). All groups were fed atherogenic diet for 22 days. Atherogenic diets in groups B and C were enriched with OOPL and PPL, respectively. At the end of the experimental time, rabbits were euthanized and aortic samples were examined histopathologically. OOPL and PPL inhibited PAF-induced aggregation, as well as specific PAF binding, with PPL being more potent. Free and bound PAF levels and PAF-AH activity were significantly elevated at the end of the experimental time. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were also found increased. Groups B and C exhibited significantly increased values of EC50 compared to group A. Histopathological examination revealed that the development of early atherosclerosis lesions in groups B and C were significantly inhibited compared to group A. Significant differences were noted in the early atherosclerosis lesions between groups B and C, thus indicating that PPL exhibit its anti-atherosclerotic activity by blocking PAF receptor. Specific PAF antagonists with similar in vitro and in vivo bioactivity to those that have been previously reported in OOPL exist in PPL.

Evaluation of the in vitro anti-atherogenic activities of goat milk and goat dairy products

“…When they induce platelet aggregation, they act like PAF, but they are thousands of times less active than PAF, thus they are practically acting as PAF inhibitors (Nasopoulou et al 2013). These PAF-agonists (with PAF-like activity) have been found to have better in vivo antiatherogenic activity than PAF inhibitors (Tsantila et al 2007) (Nasopoulou et al 2010). The biological activities of TL and TPL of each sample expressed in micrograms are shown in Fig.…”

“…Lipid microconstituents of specific foods animal-origin, i.e., cheese (Tsorotioti et al 2014) and eggs (Nasopoulou et al 2013), that constitute important ingredients of the Mediterranean diet, have been found to exert in vitro important biological activities by inhibiting PAF actions. These lipid microconstituents could inhibit the onset of the atherosclerosis and the development of CVDs, as several in vivo studies have shown (Karantonis et al 2006;Tsantila et al 2007;Nasopoulou et al 2010;Tsantila et al 2010). …”

Lipid minor constituents in wines. A biochemical approach in the French paradox

“…More specifi cally, olive oil and olive pomace polar extracts reduced the atheromatic lesion in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. 112,113 In addition, a study of diabetic mellitus patients revealed that an one month diet consisting of several traditional foods was capable of reducing the platelet sensitivity of this group compared with the control group. 114 Among the already known and well characterized biological effects of wine bioactive compounds, we would like to highlight the co-existence of compounds that could modulate the production and the actions of PAF.…”

Agricultural and Aquacultural Potential of Olive Pomace A Review

“…These bioactive microconstituents inhibit both specific PAF binding and PAF activity (in vitro and in vivo), consequently inhibiting early atherosclerosis development (Tsantila et al, 2007). The beneficial effect of OP polar lipids extract on the atherogenic progress (dyslipidemia and lesions) has also been studied (Tsantila et al, 2010); it was demonstrated that the polar lipids of OP exert cardioprotective effects comparable to those of simvastatin.…”