Antithrombotic and Anticoagulant Properties of Penicillium Chrysogenum (Pcl 501) Culture Extracts

Abstract

Penicillin and related b-lactam antibiotics inhibit platelet aggregation and can cause bleeding diathesis; their potential antithrombotic and anticoagulation effects are being investigated. An in vitro study was carried out to determine the effect of culture extract of Penicillium chrysogenum (PCL501) on thrombin and whole blood clotting time. Visual and spectrophotometric measurements showed that the extract significantly (P < 0.05) lengthened thrombin and blood clotting time, and inhibited blood clot formation. Delay in thrombin and blood clotting time was proportionate to the extract concentration; a threshold level was reached when it totally inhibited clot formation. The reference drug, commercial benzyl penicillin, exhibited a similar inhibitory pattern. The culture extract and reference drug, at 6.0 and 5.0 mg/ml concentration respectively, prevented clot formation initiation by thrombin. No blood clot was observed at 30.0 and 20.0 mg/ml concentration respectively of the extract and reference drug. This study demonstrates that the culture extract of P. chrysogenum (PCL501) has in vitro antithrombotic and anticoagulant properties. It also suggests that inhibition of thrombin activity could be the major mechanism through which b-lactam antibiotics impair platelet functions and impede blood clotting process. The strain of P. chrysogenum can be exploited for low-cost antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapy.

Detection of Penicillin G Produced by Penicillium chrysogenum with Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least-Squares Methods

“…External factors such as exposure of P. chrysogenum culture to X-rays and ultraviolet radiation was also found to increase the production of penicillin. 7 Thus, the process of antibiotic discovery to mass production requires enormous efforts involving identification of high-producing strains, optimization of culture conditions, extraction of the antibiotic, and bioassays to verify the effectiveness of the extracted compound. Singlecell spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman microspectro-scopy, allow for the examination of changes in the cellular constituents based on the culture conditions, which could aid the ongoing efforts in the search for a novel antibiotic.…”

“…Various Penicillium strains were then screened in a global search, and better penicillin-producing strains were later obtained. External factors such as exposure of P. chrysogenum culture to X-rays and ultraviolet radiation was also found to increase the production of penicillin . Thus, the process of antibiotic discovery to mass production requires enormous efforts involving identification of high-producing strains, optimization of culture conditions, extraction of the antibiotic, and bioassays to verify the effectiveness of the extracted compound.…”

Physiological effect of Natural Penicillin Extract on Cassava Peel Media by Penicillium chrysogenum PCL501 on E.coli Infected Wistar Rats

“…This is because platelets aggregation is an important step during blood clotting and it has been observed that penicillin G and related antibiotics may be inhibitory to platelets function because they coat the platelet surface [42] . Their effects on platelet functions are probably responsible for excessive bleeding and increased bleeding times observed in patients and volunteers receiving high doses of these antibiotics [43] .…”

Effect of natural penicillin synthesized in agro-waste (sugar cane pulp) media on Wistar rats

“…Agro waste contains vast amounts of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium), which on decomposition would be released to influence growth of microorganisms and subsequent production of useful primary and secondary products like enzymes (Vasquez-Alvarez et al, 2004), energy production (Sun and Cheng 2002), biomass production (Tripodo et al, 2004) and production of antithrombotic and anticoagulating metabolites (Onyegeme- Okerenta et al,2014).Culture extracts of Penicillium chrysogenum PL 501 from media supplemented with sugarcane pulp, an agro-wastes, as a carbon source has been shown to yield more penicillin than culture extracts from media containing an equivalent amount of glucose and lactose (Onyegeme- Okerenta et al, 2013). The potential of a substance to exert a harmful effect on humans or animals, and a description of the effect and the conditions or concentration under which the effect takes place is defined as toxicity (Obidike and Salawu, 2013).The ability of a compound to cause death and do so in half of the animals when the certain dose is administered defines the toxicity of the compound.…”