Antitumor and Antioxidant Effects of Flavonoid Fraction of Citrus sinensis peel Extract

Abstract

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and globally the numbers of cases of cancer are increasing gradually. However, surgeries, chemotherapies have become safer, but these treatments have debilitating side effects. Flavonoids present in the human diet comprise many polyphenolic secondary metabolites with broad-spectrum pharmacological activities including their potential role as anti-cancer agents. Objective: The objective of the present study was to extract, orange peel flavonoids (Orange Peel Extract) and to screen anticancer potential of OPF. Methods: In the present study tryphan blue dye exclusion, clonogenic assay and nuclear damage studies by ethidium bromide staining were performed to estimate in vitro antitumor properties of Orange Peel Extract and subsequently in vivo studies also performed using the Dalton Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) tumor model in Swiss albino mice. Results: In vitro studies revealed the moderate toxicity, high regenerative capacity of Orange Peel Extract and also showed changes in nuclear morphology similar to that of apoptotic cells which is one of the important aspect of an anticancer drug. In vivo studies confirmed the anticancer activity of Orange Peel Extract and has increased the average life span of treated animals and restored the antioxidant enzyme levels and hematological parameters to normal which was comparable to that of standard methotrexate. Conclusion: Overall, these findings have proved that out of the two doses (50mg/kg bw and 200mg/kg bw) employed for the study lower dose (50mg/kg) was found to be more effective than higher dose (200mg/ kg). Hence flavonoid fraction of orange peels can be the better alternative to treat cancer.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracts from Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel

“…Traditionally, the most convenient way of utilizing orange peel is to process the whole raw material without differentiating individual constituents, as a substrate to produce animal feed, organic fertilizer, and biofuel . With increasing knowledge of orange peel, especially its chemical composition, it is now possible to improve the value of this significant agroindustry waste further by exploring its potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries . It is notable that the polyphenolic compounds from orange peel, because of their structural and biological versatility, have attracted tremendous research interest around the world, demonstrating antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, anti‐inflammatory, and antitumour activity …”

“…It has been reported that both BHA and BHT are suspected endocrine disruptors with potential health risks . The search for naturally occurring antioxidants to use as health‐promotion supplements or as a food preservatives has currently gained much attention from researchers …”

“…3 With increasing knowledge of orange peel, especially its chemical composition, it is now possible to improve the value of this significant agroindustry waste further by exploring its potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. [4][5][6] It is notable that the polyphenolic compounds from orange peel, because of their structural and biological versatility, have attracted tremendous research interest around the world, demonstrating antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and antitumour activity. [5][6][7][8][9] Oxidative species such as superoxide anions, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals, are destructive to many biological molecules, causing cell injury and the development of various pathological abnormalities.…”

“…[4][5][6] It is notable that the polyphenolic compounds from orange peel, because of their structural and biological versatility, have attracted tremendous research interest around the world, demonstrating antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and antitumour activity. [5][6][7][8][9] Oxidative species such as superoxide anions, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals, are destructive to many biological molecules, causing cell injury and the development of various pathological abnormalities. 10 It has been reported that the administration of natural antioxidants extracted from plant resources, might reduce the damage caused by oxidative species, which would be very beneficial for health.…”

“…14 The search for naturally occurring antioxidants to use as healthpromotion supplements or as a food preservatives has currently gained much attention from researchers. 4,5,13 Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis are typical bacteria causing food deterioration. They are mostly controlled by applying synthetic bactericides in the food industry.…”