Antitumor Effect of Hydrolyzed Anthocyanin from Grape Rinds and Red Rice

Abstract

When Balb/C mice that were fed with red glutinous rice, white ordinary rice, or commercially available standard food were inoculated with syngeneic Meth/A lymphoma cells i.p., the group fed the red rice survived longer than the other two groups. In order to determine if the anthocyanins contained in red-coloured seeds and fruit rinds were responsible for the tumor suppressive effect, we added anthocyanins extracted from grape rinds and glutinous red rice to petri dishes that had been seeded with HCT-15 cells. After 4 days of culture, cell counts were made. These anthocyanins were not effective in suppressing the tumor growth. However, anthocyanidins, which were generated by keeping anthocyanins in 5 to 6% HC1 methanol for 5 to 6 hours, were effective in the suppression of tumor growth. Flowcytometric histograms were made after 2 days of culture with these bioflavonoids. The histogram of cells treated with crude anthocyanin was similar to that of the control. Hydrolyzed anthocyanidins gave the elevation of S phase, suggesting a block in the step from S-phase to G2-phase. It seemed that the anthocyanidins contained in the grape rinds and red rice were effective on the suppression of cell growth as observed previously for anthocyanins extracted from the petals of higher plants.

Arroz: composição e características nutricionais

“…No arroz com pericarpo vermelho e preto, também foram identificadas as antocianidinas cianidina e malvidina, procianidinas poliméricas, siringualdeído, vanilina, ácidos ρ-cumárico, 4,7-dihidroxivanílico, protocatéquico metil éster, sinápico, ferúlico e caféico, 6'-O-(E)-feruloilsacarose, 6'-O-(E)-sinapoilsacarose e γ-orizanol (MORIMITSU et al, 2002;HYUN & CHUNG, 2004). Os polifenóis estão localizados principalmente no pericarpo, sendo a maior parte removida durante o polimento (TIAN et al, 2004), e sua concentração é maior no arroz com pericarpo vermelho e preto (NAM et al, 2005 KOIDE et al, 1996;XIA et al, 2003;HYUN & CHUNG, 2004). No arroz, maior atividade antioxidante é observada nos grãos integrais e naqueles com pericarpo vermelho e preto, devido à maior concentração de polifenóis (NAM et al, 2005).…”

“…Pesquisadores relatam efeitos benéficos à saúde, como auxílio no controle da glicose sanguínea, redução dos lipídios séricos e da pressão arterial, entre outros, auxiliando na prevenção e no controle de doenças crônicas, como diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares (MILLER et al, 1992;KOIDE et al, 1996;QURESHI et al, 1997;RONG et al, 1997;XIA et al, 2003). Esses efeitos estão relacionados à presença dos compostos no grão, sendo portanto afetados por diferentes fatores, principalmente pela característica genotípica e pelo processamento.…”

Production of Anthocyanins by Habituated Cultured Cells of Nyoho Strawberry(Fragaria ananassa Duch.).

“…Anthocyanins are widely used as natural food colorants, and have been reported to have functional effects, such as antioxidant (Tsuda et al, 1998;Noda et al, 1998) antitumor (Koide et al, 1996;Koide et al, 1997), antimutagenicity (Yoshimoto et al, 1999), and others (Tsuda et al, 1999); they are also expected to be functional food ingredients. Research on production of secondary plant metabolites by plant cell and tissue cultures is increasing to find an effective system, or as one aspect of food biotechnology (Koda et al, 1992;Koda et al, 1993;Nawa & Ohtani, 1992).…”

Strategies to propagate Vaccinium nuclear stocks for the Canadian berry industry

“…The berries are highly prized for their various shapes, textures, flavours and colours. They contain relatively high levels of vitamin C, cellulose and pectin, and also contain anthocyanins (Hong and Wrolstad 1990), which have antitumor (Koide et al 1996), antiulcer (Cristoni and Magistretti 1987), antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities (Wang et al 1999). The proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) in cranberries have been shown to help prevent urinary tract infections through reduced adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (Howell et al 2005).…”