Antitumor Effects of Hyperthermic CO₂Pneumoperitoneum on Human Gastric Cancer Cells

Abstract

Aim: To elucidate the effects of hyperthermic CO 2 pneumoperitoneum on human gastric AGS cells. Methods: Based on a newly devised in vitro study model, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of HT-CO 2 (42-44˚C for 2-4h) on human gastric cancer cells, and also the corresponding mechanisms. Results: HT-CO 2 (42-44˚C for 2-4h) severely inhibited cell proliferation as assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, while inducing apoptosis in a temperature-and time-dependent manner demonstrated by annexin-V/PI flow cytometry and morphological analysis (Hoechst/PI fluorescence). In addition, it was found that HT-CO 2 (42-44˚C for 2-4h) promoted the up-regulation of Bax by western blotting. Significantly, it could also suppress gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis by in vitro invasion and motility assay. Conclusion: In conclusion, HT-CO 2 had an efficacious cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells through Bax-induced mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. Our studies indicate that it may serve as a potential therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer. Further investigations in vivo using animal models are now urgently needed.

Effect of hyperthermic CO2-treated dendritic cell-derived exosomes on the human gastric cancer AGS cell line

“…The exposure of tumors to hyperthermic conditions has been revealed to be an effective adjuvant therapy to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for a range of cancers, including locally advanced head and neck cancer (1), melanoma (2), esophageal cancer (3,4), locally advanced cervical cancer (5) and gliomas (6). These results suggest that hyperthermic conditions confer a beneficial effect during laparoscopic resection of gastric cancer (5). CO 2 pneumoperitoneum is used in laparoscopic surgery for the creation of an operative field.…”

“…CO 2 pneumoperitoneum is used in laparoscopic surgery for the creation of an operative field. Previous data has revealed that compared with ambient temperature CO 2 , hyperthermic CO 2 (HT-CO 2 ) pneumoperitoneum directly inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in gastric and colorectal cancers (5,6). However, the oncological effect and underlying mechanism of HT-CO 2 on tumor immune responses remains unclear.…”

Effects of Thermotherapy on Th1/Th2 Cells in Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy

“…It is found that thermotherapy can enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy through its complementary effect on radiotherapy (Cui et al, 2012), direct effect on tumor cells (Wang et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2012) and regulation of immune function. Thermotherapy targets cell membrane and cytoskeleton, while radiotherapy targets DNA, so the combined treatment can exert synergistic effect from different mechanisms (Saga et al, 2002;Bottaro and Liotta, 2003;Griffin et al, 2010;Dings et al, 2011).…”

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy hyperthermia (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian cancer origin by fluid and CO2recirculation using the closed abdomen technique (PRS-1.0 Combat): A clinical pilot study

“…The use of CO 2 can be beneficial and add an oncological effect. An experimental study by Zhou et al [26] demonstrated that adding a CO 2 pneumoperitoneum at 15 mmHg and 42-44 for 2-4 h induced a cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells induced by Bax protein, causing apoptosis. Ma et al [27] also observed a decrease in adhesion molecule expression (E-cadherin, ICAM 1, CD44 and E-selectin) in colon cancer cells after an infusion with CO 2 at a pressure of 15 mmHg, both in vitro and in vivo.…”