Antitumor effects of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg via regulation of intestinal flora and enhancing immunomodulatory effects in vivo

Abstract

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with high medicinal value, and antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities. However, while several studies have focused on flavonoids in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum tubers, there are few studies on the enhanced immune effect of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharides (THP). In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effect of THP in a lung tumor model and explored the mechanism of antitumor activity through intestinal flora. In addition, a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression model was used to declare the immunomodulatory effect of THP in the immunosuppressive state induced by antitumor drugs. The results showed that THP increased the content of ileum secreted immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and cecum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and improved microbial community diversity, regulating the relative abundance of dominant microbiota flora from the phylum level to the genus level, and recovering the intestinal microflora disorder caused by tumors. Additionally, THP can increase the organ indices and improve immune organ atrophy. THP can upregulate routine blood counts and stimulate the production of the serum cytokines. THP also promoted the macrophage phagocytic index, NK-cell activation, and complement and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels. The detection of Splenic lymphocyte proliferation and T lymphocyte subsets also sideways reflects that THP can restore CTX-induced immune inhibition in mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that THP can effectively achieve the enhanced antitumor effects, regulate gut microbiota and improve the immunosuppression induced by antitumor drugs. Therefore, THP can enhance the immune capacity and provide novel immunomodulatory and antineoplastic adjuvant agents.

Mulberry leaf polysaccharide improves cyclophosphamide-induced growth inhibition and intestinal damage in chicks by modulating intestinal flora, enhancing immune regulation and antioxidant capacity

“…Cytokines are highly active multi-kinetic protein-peptide molecules produced via immune cells and other related cells, which mainly mediate and regulate the immune response and inflammatory reaction and are involved in tissue repair, among others ( Schoenaker et al, 2018 ). According to the previous articles, some plant-derived polysaccharides mitigate CTX-mediated immunosuppression through immune cell activation, thus promoting cytokine secretion ( Zhou et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2022 ). In this study, MLP modulates immunosuppression of chicks through elevating these six cytokine levels, conforming to prior results.…”

Sambucus adnata Polysaccharide SPS-1 Inhibits Growth of Transplanted Lung Cancer via Polarizing Tumor Associated Macrophage From M2 into M1

“…18 Polysaccharides can resist tumor development by activating macrophages and lymphocytes, promoting cytokine secretion, and improving host antitumor immune function. [19][20][21] Macrophages are the primary immunoregulatory cells in tumors and play a vital role in the tumor immune response. 22 The polarization of TAMs is ubiquitous in tumorigenesis and development.…”

Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside, a Flavone Derived from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, Reduces Body Temperature through Accelerating the Elimination of IL-6 and TNF-α in a Mouse Fever Model

“…Historical records indicate that the roots of T. hemsleyanum have been used to treat high fever, pneumonia, and venomous snake or insect bites in children [11,13]. Modern pharmacological studies have also demonstrated various beneficial effects of T. hemsleyanum, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antineoplastic effects [12,[14][15][16][17]. T. hemsleyanum is often used as an ingredient in Chinese patent medicines for various conditions.…”