Antitumour Polysaccharide derived Chemically from Natural Glucan (Pachyman)

Chihara, Goro; Hamuro, Junji; Maeda, Yukiko; Arai, Yasuo; Fukuoka, Fumiko

doi:10.1038/225943a0

Cited by 204 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…[18][19][20] As a downside, reagent residues and environmental pollution might result from chemical methods during pachyman extraction and modification. 10,[13][14][15] Therefore, some scientists tried to use enzymes to modify pachyma under enzymic moderate hydrolytic conditions and no environmental forces, 21 but, owing to the high price of enzymes, this method is expensive. Therefore, research is needed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions to obtain the best possible results using the least amount of costly enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the universal method to treat pachyman is through chemical reactions, which can improve water solubility and bioactivities of pachyman by resecting the b-(1-6) branched chain, leaving only b-(1-3) linear dextran, or introducing hydrophilic groups into pachyman, or improving some other characteristics. 7,9,10,[12][13][14][15] For example, carboxymethyl pachyman (CMP) with antitumor and inhibitory tumor cell growth bioactivities 12,16,17 was produced by heating pachyman with chloroacetic acid in alkaline solution. 9 Correspondingly, sulfated pachyman, which can inhibit the growth of tumor cells, was prepared by treating pachyman with chlorosulfuric acid in pyridine solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of bioactive water-soluble pachyman hydrolyzed from sclerotial polysaccharides of Poria cocos by hydrolase

Bian

Xie

Chen

2010

Polym J

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Water-soluble pachyman (WSP) was prepared by enzymic hydrolysis of pachyman extracted from Poria cocos sclerotium using a 0.5 mol l À1 NaOH solution at the optimized conditions of 55 1C, pH 4, 4% pachyman, 2 U ml À1 hydrolase, and a hydrolysis time of 6 h. Two WSP fractions, WSP-1 and WSP-2, were prepared using SephadexG-100 to separate WSP. Both fractions were of the b-(1-3)-D-dextran structure and were only composed of glucose with no nucleic acid and protein. The composition was analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, Congo Red reaction analysis and monosaccharide composition analysis. The effects of WSP (M w 1.75Â10 5 ), WSP-1 (M w 1.86Â10 6 ) and WSP-2 (M w 3.58Â10 4 ) on the proliferation of S180 tumor cells in vivo and in vitro were studied. The inhibitory ratios of the three tested WSPs on the proliferation of S180 tumor cells at 0.5 lg ml À1 in vitro were found to be 4.0 ± 0.6, 2.2 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.1%, respectively, and the inhibitory ratio of carboxymethyl pachyman (CMP), which was used as a control, was À0.3±0.4%. WSP, WSP-1 and WSP-2 also exhibited significant inhibition on S180 tumor cells in vivo at a dose level of 200 mg kg À1 day À1 , with their inhibition ratios found to be 43.94, 41.57 and 39.81%, respectively. Furthermore, the three tested WSPs had no obvious effect on the weight of mice, whereas the administration of CMP resulted in a decrease in mice weight at the tested concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of bioactive water-soluble pachyman hydrolyzed from sclerotial polysaccharides of Poria cocos by hydrolase

Bian

Xie

Chen

2010

Polym J

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“…Polyporaceae) is a saprophytic fungus, which is used in Korea as well as other East Asian countries to treat age-related brain disorders, and to improve cognitive and memory function in old age [94]. It's sclerotium, commonly known as "Hoelen", contains several monosaccharides, triterpene derivatives, and 15 amino acids [95,96]. Poria has been reported to improve cerebral blood flow [97], promote hippocampal LTP in vivo [98], improve memory, and to inhibit AChE activity [99].…”

Section: Miscellaneous Tkm Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Korean East Asian Medicines and Herbal Formulations for Cognitive Impairment

Kumar

Song

et al. 2013

Molecules

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Abstract:Hanbang, the Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), is an inseparable component of Korean culture both within the country, and further afield. Korean traditional herbs have been used medicinally to treat sickness and injury for thousands of years. Oriental medicine reflects our ancestor's wisdom and experience, and as the elderly population in Korea is rapidly increasing, so is the importance of their health problems. The proportion of the population who are over 65 years of age is expected to increase to 24.3% by 2031. Cognitive impairment is common with increasing age, and efforts are made to retain and restore the cognition ability of the elderly. Herbal materials have been considered for this purpose because of their low adverse effects and their cognitive-enhancing or anti-dementia activities. Herbal materials are reported to contain several active compounds that have effects on cognitive function. Here, we enumerate evidence linking TKMs which have shown benefits in memory improvements. Moreover, we have also listed Korean herbal formulations which have been the subject of scientific reports relating to memory improvement.

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“…At present, clinical use of immunoadjuvants is limited to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin BCG), BCG-derived products, heat-killed C. parvum, and levamisole. In addition, pyran copolymer (Weissman et al, 1977), glucan (Chihara et al, 1970) and synthetic polynucleotides (Came & Moore, 1971) have shown promise in animal experiments as immuno-potentiators and as antitumour agents. On the other hand, some of these products show some toxicity in animals and in humans and occasionally cause tumour enhancement (Berd et al, 1976;Hersh et al, 1977;Mohr et al, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The antitumour activity of maltose tetrapalmitate compared with other immunoadjuvants, and its effectiveness after tumour surgery

Kappany¹,

Chopra²,

Nigam³

et al. 1980

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-The effectiveness of maltose tetrapalmitate (MTP) as an antitumour immune adjuvant was verified by its comparison with other known immunopotentiators, namely BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, levamisole and pyran copolymer. Copenhagen x Fisher 344/CRBL F1 hybrid male rats inoculated s.c. with the Dunning R3327A prostatic adenocarcinoma were used as the test system. All animals treated with immunoadjuvants showed a delay in tumour appearance and inhibition of early tumour growth. MTP was found to be the most effective, followed by levamisole, BCG, pyran copolymer and C. parvum in order of decreasing efficacy. Intratumoral treatment of small or large s.c. tumours with BCG, MTP and C. parvum was ineffective in our cases. However, this treatment was effective with MTP and BCG if they were used against a differentiated form of R3327 tumour. MTP and levamisole were found to be equally effective when given orally in drinking water.Experiments involving surgical excision of tumours followed by MTP therapy in two s.c. implanted animal tumour models (viz. a poorly immunogenic ascites mammary carcinoma 13762 in Fisher 344/CRBL rats, and an SV40 virus-induced sarcoma of low immunogenicity in Syrian hamster) showed beneficial effects of MTP on local tumour recurrence and tumour growth. Pre-and postoperative MTP treatment was at least as effective as postoperative MTP treatment alone.

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Antitumour Polysaccharide derived Chemically from Natural Glucan (Pachyman)

Cited by 204 publications

References 2 publications

Preparation of bioactive water-soluble pachyman hydrolyzed from sclerotial polysaccharides of Poria cocos by hydrolase

Preparation of bioactive water-soluble pachyman hydrolyzed from sclerotial polysaccharides of Poria cocos by hydrolase

Traditional Korean East Asian Medicines and Herbal Formulations for Cognitive Impairment

The antitumour activity of maltose tetrapalmitate compared with other immunoadjuvants, and its effectiveness after tumour surgery

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