Antiviral activity of a synthesized shikonin ester against influenza A (H1N1) virus and insights into its mechanism

Zhang, Yahan; Han, Hongwei; Qiu, Han‐Yue; Lin, Hongyan; Yu, Lexiang; Zhu, Wan-Zhan; Qi, Jinliang; Yang, Rongwu; Pang, Yan-Jun; Wang, Xiaoming; Lü, Guihua; Yang, Yonghua

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.076

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Apoptosis also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and too much apoptosis may lead to degenerative diseases and too little apoptosis may result in malignant cell death; moreover, defects may occur at any point in the apoptosis signalling pathway (Wong 2011). Influenza virus usually causes caspase-dependent apoptosis activated by caspase-3, leading to nuclear export of newly synthesised viral nuclear protein (NP) and increased influenza virus replication (Takahashi et al 2013); in addition, antiviral drugs may dampen apoptosis of H1N1-infected cells by reducing the functional activation of caspase-3 (Zhang et al 2017). Furthermore, the mitochondrial pathway is the main pathway of apoptotic cell death, mainly controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins, and the family members mainly include Bcl-2 and Bax, which have both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic effects (Dewson and Kluck 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2013 ); in addition, antiviral drugs may dampen apoptosis of H1N1-infected cells by reducing the functional activation of caspase-3 (Zhang et al. 2017 ). Furthermore, the mitochondrial pathway is the main pathway of apoptotic cell death, mainly controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins, and the family members mainly include Bcl-2 and Bax, which have both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic effects (Dewson and Kluck 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary study of Yinhuapinggan granule against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice through inhibition of apoptosis

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2020

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Yinhuapinggan granule (YHPG) is frequently used for treating fever, cough, and viral pneumonia in traditional Chinese medicine. Objective: This study investigated the antiviral effects of YHPG in H1N1 influenza virus (IFV)-infected mice and its possible mechanism. Materials and methods: ICR mice were intranasally infected with 10 LD 50 viral dose of IFV and then oral administration of YHPG (6, 12, and 18 g/kg) or oseltamivir (positive control) once a day for 2 or 4 consecutive days, six mice in each group. The lung, spleen and thymus indexes of IFV-infected mice, the expression of viral loads and pathological changes in lung tissues were performed to evaluate the antiviral effects of YHPG. Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot assays were used to determine the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3. Results: LD 50 in mice was 10 À3.5 /0.02 mL. YHPG (6, 12, and 18 g/kg) dose-dependently decreased the lung index and viral load; the inhibition ratio of lung index was 5.31, 18.22, and 34.06%, respectively. Further detection revealed that YHPG (12 and 18 g/kg) significantly attenuated lung pathological changes, and increased the spleen and thymus indexes. Moreover, YHPG significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 in lung tissues of mice infected with IFV, and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusions: YHPG has significant antiviral effects in IFV-infected mice, partially by inhibiting influenza virus replication and regulating the occurrence of apoptosis induced by influenza virus infection, suggesting that YHPG may be a promising antiviral agent with potential clinical application prospects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study of Yinhuapinggan granule against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice through inhibition of apoptosis

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2020

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Future efforts towards uncovering the anti-inflammatory potential of shikonin may prove significant. Further promoting the importance of future investigations, shikonin has shown significant promise as an antimicrobial and antiviral agent, as well as a wound healing promoter [ 224 , 229 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 242 ] ( Figure 4 B ). Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether these beneficial properties of shikonin are mediated through modulation of PKM2 activity.…”

Section: Emerging Areas Of Research Involving Pkm2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of PKM2 in Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs

Puckett

Alquraishi

Chowanadisai

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Pyruvate kinase is a key regulator in glycolysis through the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate. Pyruvate kinase exists in various isoforms that can exhibit diverse biological functions and outcomes. The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) controls cell progression and survival through the regulation of key signaling pathways. In cancer cells, the dimer form of PKM2 predominates and plays an integral role in cancer metabolism. This predominance of the inactive dimeric form promotes the accumulation of phosphometabolites, allowing cancer cells to engage in high levels of synthetic processing to enhance their proliferative capacity. PKM2 has been recognized for its role in regulating gene expression and transcription factors critical for health and disease. This role enables PKM2 to exert profound regulatory effects that promote cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and migration. In addition to its role in cancer, PKM2 regulates aspects essential to cellular homeostasis in non-cancer tissues and, in some cases, promotes tissue-specific pathways in health and diseases. In pursuit of understanding the diverse tissue-specific roles of PKM2, investigations targeting tissues such as the kidney, liver, adipose, and pancreas have been conducted. Findings from these studies enhance our understanding of PKM2 functions in various diseases beyond cancer. Therefore, there is substantial interest in PKM2 modulation as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple conditions. Indeed, a vast plethora of research has focused on identifying therapeutic strategies for targeting PKM2. Recently, targeting PKM2 through its regulatory microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) has gathered increasing interest. Thus, the goal of this review is to highlight recent advancements in PKM2 research, with a focus on PKM2 regulatory microRNAs and lncRNAs and their subsequent physiological significance.

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“…As outlined in Table 1 [ 18 , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] , [95] , [96] , [97] , [98] , [99] , [100] , [101] , [102] , [103] , [104] , [105] , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [111] , [112] , [113] , [114] , [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] , [120] , [121] , [122] , [123] , [124] , [125] , [126] ,…”

Section: Metabolic Interventions In Covid-19unclassified

Can a metabolism-targeted therapeutic intervention successfully subjugate SARS-COV-2? A scientific rational

Mansouri

Rastegari-Pouyani

Ghanbri-Movahed

et al. 2020

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Antiviral activity of a synthesized shikonin ester against influenza A (H1N1) virus and insights into its mechanism

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Preliminary study of Yinhuapinggan granule against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice through inhibition of apoptosis

Preliminary study of Yinhuapinggan granule against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice through inhibition of apoptosis

The Role of PKM2 in Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs

Can a metabolism-targeted therapeutic intervention successfully subjugate SARS-COV-2? A scientific rational

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