Antiviral Activity of Luteolin against Pseudorabies Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

Men, Xiaoyu; Li, Su; Cai, Xiaojing; Fu, Lian; Shao, Yi; Zhu, Yan

doi:10.3390/ani13040761

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Studies assessing a synergistic effect when the compounds are administered in combination with current monoclonal treatments are also desirable. In addition, we have evidenced luteolin to target combinations of VP35IID, NtPKR or PACT heterodimers, offering further mechanistic explanations to its previously reported antiviral effect [40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Novel Antiviral Molecules against Ebola Virus Infection

Collados Rodríguez,

Maillard,

Journeaux

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Infection with Ebola virus (EBOV) is responsible for hemorrhagic fever in humans with a high mortality rate. Combined efforts of prevention and therapeutic intervention are required to tackle highly variable RNA viruses, whose infections often lead to outbreaks. Here, we have screened the 2P2I3D chemical library using a nanoluciferase-based protein complementation assay (NPCA) and isolated two compounds that disrupt the interaction of the EBOV protein fragment VP35IID with the N-terminus of the dsRNA-binding proteins PKR and PACT, involved in IFN response and/or intrinsic immunity, respectively. The two compounds inhibited EBOV infection in cell culture as well as infection by measles virus (MV) independently of IFN induction. Consequently, we propose that the compounds are antiviral by restoring intrinsic immunity driven by PACT. Given that PACT is highly conserved across mammals, our data support further testing of the compounds in other species, as well as against other negative-sense RNA viruses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Novel Antiviral Molecules against Ebola Virus Infection

Collados Rodríguez,

Maillard,

Journeaux

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Quercetin can interact with the gD protein, which plays an important role in the virucidal properties of quercetin and inhibition of PRV infection [ 13 ]. Luteolin can inhibit PRV proliferation and cell–cell transmission by inhibiting the expression of the gB gene and protein [ 14 ]. This study found that emodin can also inhibit the expression of the gD and gB genes, block the synthesis of the PRV gB protein and gD protein, and inhibit virus proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can inhibit the replication of PRV in PK-15 cells by inhibiting gB gene and protein expression and by alleviating virus-induced apoptosis. Moreover, it can play a protective role in PRV-infected mice by delaying symptom onset time, improving survival rate, reducing viral load in tissues and organs, and improving the inflammatory response [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emodin as an Inhibitor of PRV Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

Cai,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Pseudorabies (PR) is an acute and severe infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). Once the virus infects pigs, it is difficult to eliminate, resulting in major economic losses to the global pig industry. In addition, reports of human infection with PRV suggest that the virus is a potential threat to human health; thus, its significance to public health should be considered. In this paper, the anti-PRV activities of emodin in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism of action were studied. The results showed that emodin inhibited the proliferation of PRV in PK15 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.127 mg/mL and a selection index of 5.52. The addition of emodin at different stages of viral infection showed that emodin inhibited intracellular replication. Emodin significantly inhibited the expression of the IE180, EP0, UL29, UL44, US6, and UL27 genes of PRV within 48 h. Emodin also significantly inhibited the expression of PRV gB and gD proteins. The molecular docking results suggested that emodin might form hydrogen bonds with PRV gB and gD proteins and affect the structure of viral proteins. Emodin effectively inhibited the apoptosis induced by PRV infection. Moreover, emodin showed a good protective effect on PRV-infected mice. During the experimental period, all the control PRV-infected mice died resulting in a survival rate of 0%, while the survival rate of emodin-treated mice was 28.5%. Emodin also significantly inhibited the replication of PRV in the heart, liver, brain, kidneys and lungs of mice and alleviated tissue and organ damage caused by PRV infection. Emodin was able to combat viral infection by regulating the levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-4 in the sera of infected mice. These results indicate that emodin has good anti-PRV activity in vitro and in vivo, and is expected to be a new agent for the prevention and control of PRV infection.

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“…[147][148][149] HO-1 exerts antiviral effects against HSV2, bovine viral diarrhea virus, porcine reproductive (virus), and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. [150][151][152] Men et al 153 proposed that luteolin effectively inhibits PRV replication by inhibiting the expression of viral mRNA and gB protein.…”

Section: Dna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review on the Antiviral Mechanism of Luteolin

Lü

Zhang

Ren

et al. 2023

Natural Product Communications

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Background Viral infections pose some of the most serious human health concerns worldwide. The infections caused by several viruses, including coronavirus, hepatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, are difficult to treat. Methods This review details the findings of a literature search performed on the antiviral properties of luteolin. The keywords engaged in the search are “virus” along with “luteolin.” Results Luteolin possesses antiviral properties, which is the basis for the current review. It is an important natural flavonoid with numerous important biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, and antitumor effects, and is found in vegetables, fruits, and several medicinal plants. Recent studies have revealed that many traditional Chinese medicines that contain luteolin inhibit the replication of coronaviruses. Conclusion Luteolin effectively inhibits the replication of coronavirus, influenza virus, enterovirus, rotavirus, herpes virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, among others. In particular, it prevents viral infection by improving the body's nonspecific immunity and antioxidation capacity and inhibiting many pathways related to virus infection and replication, such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT, TLR4/8, NF-κB, Nrf-2/hemeoxygenase-1, and others. It also regulates the expression of some receptors and factors, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, p53, NLRP3, TNF-α, and interleukins, thereby interfering with the replication of viruses in cells. Luteolin also promotes the repair of damaged cells induced by proinflammatory factors by regulating the expression of inflammatory molecules. The overall effect of these processes is the reduction in viral replication and, consequently, the viral load. This review summarizes the antiviral effect of luteolin and the mechanism underlying this property.

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Antiviral Activity of Luteolin against Pseudorabies Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Novel Antiviral Molecules against Ebola Virus Infection

Novel Antiviral Molecules against Ebola Virus Infection

Emodin as an Inhibitor of PRV Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

A Literature Review on the Antiviral Mechanism of Luteolin

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