Antiviral agents for the treatment of COVID-19: Progress and challenges

Monoclonal antibodies for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: A case series

“…As such, while we included a pool of at-risk patients, we showed that, following the use of monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19, all of them fully recovered, in the absence of COVID-19 long-term symptoms, monoclonal antibodies' side effects, or MS changes in terms of relapses or disability. Of note, no patient developed respiratory symptoms, nor required additional tests (e.g., chest imaging) and treatments (e.g., anti-inflammatory drugs), nor required hospitalization for COVID-19, thus suggesting that monoclonal antibodies achieved their expected effect, as in the general population [ 9 ], in the absence of safety concerns.…”

“…Omicron variant was detected in Italy in Nov 2021, and became prevalent (>80%) in Jan 2022 [ 16 , 17 ]. Considering that casirivimab+imdevimab and bamlanivimab+etesevimab resulted poorly effective against Omicron BA.1 variant [ 9 , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ], from Jan 2022, we preferred sotrovimab. However, more recently, in vitro data showed that Omicron BA.2 variant may be poorly controlled by sotrovimab [ 17 , 18 , 21 ], and, thus, in the future, we shall consider the use of antivirals (such as remdesivir, molnupinavir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir), also combined to monoclonal antibodies, as we already did in case 3.…”

“…Thus, monoclonal antibodies could be especially relevant to people with MS using DMTs. Indeed, monoclonal antibodies, if early administered, can significantly change the natural history of COVID-19 with faster recovery, and lower rates of hospitalization and death [ 9 ].…”

Synthesis, spectral characterization, crystal structure and computational investigation of 2-formyl-6-methoxy-3-carbethoxy quinoline as potential SARS-CoV inhibitor

“…Umifenovir, Favipiravir, Molnupiravir [ 15 ], Nirmatrevir mixed with Ritonavi [ 16 ], Ribavirin [ 17 ]and Interferon are some of the other antiviral agents approved for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 [ 18 ], while some of them might have potential side effects [ 19 ]. COVID-19 pandemic has put the global research on a war footing to find an effective drugas well as suitableantiviral therapies [ 20 ]. Synthetic organic chemistry provides newer routes of drug development with new molecules for further investigations [ 21 ].…”

High throughput Bioluminescent assay to characterize and monitor the activity of SARS-CoV-2 Methyltransferases

“…Unfortunately, even though remdesivir has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for minimizing the duration of hospital stay (8), and dexamethasone for reducing mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by targeting inflammation ( 9), all have shown very little effect and currently there are no drugs against COVID-19 with efficacy proven in clinical trials. Most recently, Pfizer and Merck pharmaceuticals gained FDA approval for their therapeutic drugs targeting the SARS-CoV 2 proteases that mitigate the viral impact on patient health and minimize their hospitalization (10).…”