Antiviral and antiparasitic activities of clovamide: the major constituent of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn

Abstract

The application of different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to the aqueous alcoholic leaves extract of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. (Mimosaceae) led to the isolation and identification of ten phenolic compounds. Among them, apigenin-7-O-apiosyl (1→2) glucoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-apiosyl (1→2) glucoside and clovamide were isolated for the first time from the plant. The rest of the compounds are: flavonol glycosides (quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, myricetin-3-Orhamnopyranoside and myricetin-3-O-glucopyranoside), and three aglycones (myricetin, apigenin and kaempferol). The crude extract of D. cinerea showed a significant antitrypanosomal and antiviral effects. Clovamide as a major constituent was investigated for its antiviral and antitrypanosomal activities. It showed a significant antiviral effect against H5N1 influenza A virus with inhibition rate (74%) and a momentous trypanocidal effect against Trypanosoma evansi with IC50 value of 3.27 μg/ml, compared with the standard drug; diminazene aceturate (IC50=0.72μg/ml). Therefore, clovamide is playing an important role in antitrypanosomal and antiviral activities for D. cinerea extract and it can be considered a new candidate for the treatment of these two infections.

Clovamide, a Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide, Is a Resistance Factor Against Phytophthora spp. in Theobroma cacao

“…As mentioned previously, clovamide has been reported as a potent inhibitor of influenza A subtype H5N1 (virus) and T. evansi (protozoa;El-Sharawy et al, 2017). Niehues et al (2011) determined that clovamide can partially inhibit adherence of Heliobacter pylori to gastric epithelial cells, an important factor in H. pylori virulence.…”

“…(Yoshihara et al, 1977;Kolodziejczyk-Czepas et al, 2017), Vernonia fastigiata (Masike et al, 2017), Dalbergia spp. (Van Heerden et al, 1980;El-Sharawy et al, 2017), Acmella oleracea (Nascimento et al, 2020), and cacao (Sanbongi et al, 1998). Clovamide has garnered considerable attention for its potential human health benefits as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective compound (Park et al, 2007(Park et al, , 2017Fallarini et al, 2009;Zeng et al, 2011;Kolodziejczyk-Czepas et al, 2017;Tsunoda et al, 2018) and as an anti-microbial with activity against the human pathogens influenza A subtype H5N1 (El-Sharawy et al, 2017), Trypanosoma evansi (same source), and Heliobacter pylori (Niehues et al, 2011).…”

“…(Van Heerden et al, 1980;El-Sharawy et al, 2017), Acmella oleracea (Nascimento et al, 2020), and cacao (Sanbongi et al, 1998). Clovamide has garnered considerable attention for its potential human health benefits as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective compound (Park et al, 2007(Park et al, , 2017Fallarini et al, 2009;Zeng et al, 2011;Kolodziejczyk-Czepas et al, 2017;Tsunoda et al, 2018) and as an anti-microbial with activity against the human pathogens influenza A subtype H5N1 (El-Sharawy et al, 2017), Trypanosoma evansi (same source), and Heliobacter pylori (Niehues et al, 2011). Clovamide's role in plant defense has not been described to our knowledge, although treatment of red clover seedlings with the plant defense hormone jasmonic acid induced clovamide accumulation in roots, suggesting a role in defense (Tebayashi et al, 2000).…”

Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight and Arn. (Fabaceae), a plant used in the traditional treatment of lymphatic filariasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Ethnopharmacological characteristics

“…[6] have revealed that the plant is used to treat elephantiasis. Indeed, El-Sharawy et al [9] showed the anti-parasitic effect of phytochemical constituents of Dichrostachys cinerea.…”

Cytotoxicity of Crude Extract and Isolated Constituents of theDichrostachys cinereaBark towards Multifactorial Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells

“…Dichrostachys cinerea, also known as sicklebush, Bell mimosa, Chinese lantern tree, or Kalahari Christmas tree, is a fast growing tree of up to 7 m height, traditionally used as laxative, diuretic and to treat dysentery, elephantiasis, gonorrhoea, boils, headache, syphilis, sore, worms [6, 7], inflammation, and cancer [8]. Previous phytochemical analysis of Dichrostachys cinerea led to the identification of a triterpenoid β -amyrin glucoside, apigenin-7- O -apiosyl (1→2) glucoside, chrysoeriol-7- O -apiosyl (1→2) glucoside, clovamide, quercetin-3- O -rhamnopyranoside, quercetin-3- O -glucopyranoside, myricetin-3- O -rhamnopyranoside, myricetin-3- O -glucopyranoside, myricetin, apigenin, and kaempferol from the leaves [6, 9] as well as the meroterpene derivatives, dichrostachines A-R from the bark and roots [10]. Preliminary cytotoxicity investigations of this plant were reported towards DU145 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells and HeLa cervical cancer cells [7].…”