Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activity of Silver Nanoparticles in Experimental RSV Infection

Morris, Dorothea R.; Ansar, Maria; Speshock, Janice; Ivanciuc, Teodora; Qu, Yue; Casola, Antonella; Garofalo, Roberto P.

doi:10.3390/v11080732

Cited by 179 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Overall silver has no significant side effects in low concentrations. Preclinical data of avian corona viruses [3] already exists which further strengthen our proof-of-concept We have to try in different concentrations to determine the maximum antiviral effects and also safety. Till now there is no experimental animal model of COVID 19 is present.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

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Silver Nanoparticles with Bronchodilators Through Nebulisation to Treat COVID 19 Patients.

Sarkar

2020

J Current Med Res Opinion

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There are no effective antiviral drugs available against the pandemic causing COVID 19 virus. The complex protein - protein interaction between the virus and host is yet to be determined for designing of precise antiviral drugs against corona virus. The pandemic had claimed several thousand lives and had resulted most devastating effects on our mankind. In this scenario a potent drug is needed which will kill the viruses with minimal side effects on human body. Here I propose a novel antiviral therapy for effective killing of COVID19 with minimal side effects.

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mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…This environment will be hostile for the viruses to survive. Experimental evidence suggests there is direct low pH dependent fusion activation of Corona Viruses during entry into host cells [3].…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanoparticles with Bronchodilators Through Nebulisation to Treat COVID 19 Patients.

Sarkar

2020

J Current Med Res Opinion

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“…As seen in Fig.6, multiple silver nanoparticles get attached to a virus. It is thought that a virus function becomes disturbed only when sufficiently covered with nanoparticles [10]. Hence, we speculate that larger viruses would consistently require higher MIC concentrations (we suggest this may be tested in a future experimental analysis or survey of the literature).…”

Section: Target Mic Determination For Antiviral Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Formulations for COVID-19 Early Stage Treatment via Silver Nanoparticles Inhalation Delivery at Home and Hospital

Zachar¹

2020

Preprint

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Objectives : For suppressing both viral and bacterial respiratory infections, we investigate the possibility of obtaining real effective minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles in various respiratory system target locations. Applications include (i) control local outbreaks of COVID-19 via early stage home treatment, and (ii) lower the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in hospital ICU. Our prime objective is to propose a first line intervention measure with the potential to suppress proliferation of the viral infection across the respiratory system, thereby giving more time for proper immune system response and lowering the risk for aggravation and spread of the infection. We further discuss the available credible evidence for human safety consideration, by inhalation delivery, for facilitating immediate clinical trials. In addition, we discuss possible manufacturing and commercial availability of the method elements for near term wide public usage. Method : Based on previously published experimental data, on the antiviral effectiveness of colloidal silver, we propose a model method and computation for achieving antiviral MIC of silver particles in various respiratory system locations, by: (a) analysing the nanoparticle size dependent required concentration. (b) computing the required aerosol delivery characteristics. In order to compute the require delivery dosage, we take into account deposition fraction losses and also inhalation time fraction of the normal breathing cycle. We evaluate independent targeting of: (i) the trachea-bronchial tree (mucus volume of about 1cc), and (ii) the alveoli (total mucus volume of about 10cc). Results : The dosage is highly sensitive to the silver nanoparticle size, with 3nm - 7nm being the optimal size. Effective antibacterial MIC 10 μg/ml is estimated, but for more certainty 25 μg/ml is a reasonable target concentration to achieve in the mucus fluid of the respiratory system. In particular, using colloidal silver of 5nm particles, delivering inhalation of standard 5μ diameter droplets aerosol (e.g., using off-the-shelf ultrasonic mesh nebulizers), we assert that sufficient MIC can be achieved with: (i) depositing a total of just 0.25cc of a 100ppm (μg/ml) source concentration in the bronchial tree, and (ii) depositing a total of 1cc of a 250ppm (μg/ml) source concentration in the lungs alveoli. Yet, after accounting for deposition losses and due to the fact that active inhalation time is just about 1/3 of the breathing cycle, we find that that practical effective MIC can be achieved by these aerosolising dosages: (a) for the upper airways and bronchial tree use 2cc of a 100 μg/ml colloidal silver source, while (b) for lungs alveoli delivery use 6cc of a 200 μg/ml colloidal silver source. This would be reduced by a factor 3 if a breath actuated ultrasonic nebulizer is used. Conclusions : We conclude that effective MIC is achievable, both in the bronchial tree and in the alveoli (though the specific aerosol prescription may differ). Since respiratory infections start most commonly in the upper airways, it would be best to use the presented method early on as a first line treatment to suppress the progression of the infection. The required formulations are presently not available on the market but are easy to mass produce OTC in principle. Using off-the-shelf ultrasonic nebulizers and providable OTC colloidal silver formulations, we posit that our suggested method can be used precautionarily at home by anyone feeling the early signs of a potential infection. In addition, due to the anti-bacterial properties of colloidal silver, our method can serve in hospital intensive care units (ICU) as a new standard of care prophylactic treatment for ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP).

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“…Silver nanoparticles have broad antimicrobial activities speci cally showing activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (80). As far as viral effectiveness, silver nanoparticles has been shown effective against both human immunode ciency virus (HIV) (81) the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (82) and adenovirus, (83) but not in the context of FDM or printing PPE. While there does exist questions of its safety, recently a limit of 0.19 g/m 3 for silver nanoparticles has been suggested based on a rat-inhalation toxicity study.…”

Section: Silvermentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and a novel initiative to improve safety by 3D printing personal protective equipment parts from computed tomography

Coté

Haggstrom

Vivkanandan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Powered air-purifying respirators are in short supply and can break down with extended use. Replacement parts can become hard to acquire. The aim of this study was to create an innovative quality improvement proof of concept using rapid prototyping. Methods Here we report three cases of 3D printed powered air-purifying respirator parts. 3D printing was performed on all parts using fused deposition modeling with standard polylactic acid, in the same way that presurgical models would be created. Measurements using an electronic caliper as well as CT scans were used to compare an original part to its corresponding 3D printed parts for accuracy. Results Electronic caliper and computed tomography measurements both showed accuracy consistant with current published norms. Conclusions Ultimately, there will be questions surrounding intellectual property, effectiveness and potential long-term safety for these types of 3D printed parts. Future research should look into the addition of specific nanoparticles from the position of cost, efficacy, safety and improved accuracy.

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Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activity of Silver Nanoparticles in Experimental RSV Infection

Cited by 179 publications

References 62 publications

Silver Nanoparticles with Bronchodilators Through Nebulisation to Treat COVID 19 Patients.

Silver Nanoparticles with Bronchodilators Through Nebulisation to Treat COVID 19 Patients.

Formulations for COVID-19 Early Stage Treatment via Silver Nanoparticles Inhalation Delivery at Home and Hospital

COVID-19 and a novel initiative to improve safety by 3D printing personal protective equipment parts from computed tomography

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