Antiviral drugs

Wiltink, E. H. H.; Janknegt, R.

doi:10.1007/bf01974982

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This phenomenon is indicated in therapeutic index (TI) showing˃ 25. The TI compares well with the TI value established in acyclovir [45], indicating that the extract could provide useful compounds, if fractionated and identified by bioactivity guided assays. Phytochemical studies has previously reported the presence of; Isomanniflavanone; an ent-eriodictyol-(3a→6)-dihydroquercetinlinked biflavanone, 1,5-dimethoxyajacareubin; depsidone garcinisidone -G; (2"R,3"R)-preussiannon; euxanthone; 2-isoprenyl-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone; jacareubin; isogarcinol and garcinol in ethanolic-aqueous extract of G. buchananii [28].…”

Section: In Vitro Antiviral Activity By Epttsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The TI was ˃6 and like G. buchananii, there was good cell tolerance as well as favorable comparison with TI of acyclovir [45]. Previous studies have shown that the main constituents of C. decapetala belong to terpenoid and flavonoids [42].…”

Section: Decapetalamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The terpenoid compound previously associated with anti HSV activity was tetrahydro-cannabinol and as with G. buchananii, chrysoplenols and leuteolin have shown activity against HSV [46]. Again as in the case of G. buchananii, C. decapetala,has high antioxidant activity [45] which could partly explain the enhanced cell viability. …”

Section: Decapetalamentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cytotoxicity and Anti - Herpes Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Cited for Management of HIV Conditions in Kakamega County – Kenya

Radol

Kiptoo

Makokha

et al. 2016

BJPR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: To determine safety and anti-herpes activity of selected medicinal plants cited by Community Health Workers in Mukhwa sub-location, Bukaya location in Kakamega County, Kenya. Study Design: Ethno-medical interview for selection of medicinal plants and In-vitro experiment for determination of safety and anti-herpes activity. Methodology: Eight medicinal plants were selected for safety and determination of anti-herpes activity of water extracts using Vero cell and Human herpes Virus type 1. The metabolism of 3 -(4, 5-Dimethylthiazole -2-y) -2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) was used for cytotoxicity and different levels of extract antiviral experiments. End point titration technique (EPTT) was used for virus quantification and antiviral screening test. Place and Duration of the Study: Plant samples were collected in September 2013 in MukhwaOriginal Research Article Radol et al.; BJPR, 13(5): 1-13, 2016; Article no.BJPR.29317 2 sub-location, the processing and biological experiments were carried out between March 2014 and October 2015 at the center of traditional medicine and drug research of Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi. Results: Safety profile: Tithonia diversifolia (Whole root) gave maximum nontoxic extract concentration (MNC) at 20 µg/mL, extract concentration killing 50% of cells (CC 50 ) was 460 µg/mL. Schkuhria pinnata (Leaves); MNC ˂20 µg/mL, CC 50 90 µg/mL. Entada abyssinica (Stem bark); MNC 20 µg/mL, CC 50 > 500 µg/mL. Garcinia buchanii (Stem bark); MNC 40 µg/mL, CC 50 >500 µg/mL. Croton macrostachyus (Stem bark); MNC 40 µg/mL, CC 50 >500 µg/mL. Vernonia adoensis (Whole root); MNC 20 µg/mL, CC 50 470 µg/mL. Plumeria alba (Leaves); MNC ˂20 µg/mL, CC 50 120 µg/mL. Caesalpinia decapetala (Whole root); MNC 20 µg/mL, CC 50 500 µg/mL. Anti-herpes activity: The best anti-herpes activity was obtained from G. buchanii (Stem bark), giving an extract concentration inhibiting 50% of virus activity (IC 50 ) at 20 µg/mL) and C. decapetala (Whole root) giving IC 50 at 80 µg/mL. Therapeutic index of G. buchanii was ˃ 25 and that of C. decapetala was ˃ 6. Conclusion: Majority of the medicinal plants selected for anti-herpes activity have narrow nonetoxic limits. Of all the selected medicinal plants, G. buchananii and C. decapetala are the most promising for selective anti-herpes activity.

show abstract

Section: In Vitro Antiviral Activity By Epttsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Decapetalamentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cytotoxicity and Anti - Herpes Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Cited for Management of HIV Conditions in Kakamega County – Kenya

Radol

Kiptoo

Makokha

et al. 2016

BJPR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…56 and > 7.13 respectively); indeed, their CC 50 values were not determined, because they had a value > 1000 µg/ ml, in other words they were not cytotoxic. Comparing IC 50 and therapeutic index values for Acyclovir (Wiltink & Janknegt 1991) with the values for the E. cotinifolia and E. tirucalli water-methanol extracts, it can be concluded that these extracts have an acceptable antiviral activity. For this reason the E. cotinifolia and E. tirucalli species are good candidates for further activity-monitored fractionation to identify their active principles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cytotoxic and Antiviral Activities of Colombian Medicinal Plant Extracts of the Euphorbia genus

Betancur‐Galvis

Morales²,

Forero

et al. 2002

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

150

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several species of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) have been tested for their efficiency as antiviral and antitumour agents, partly based on information concerning plants that have traditionally been used as medication to treat various human diseases (Bernal & Correa 1990, Unander et al. 1995. In fact, pronounced antiviral activity has been reported in several species of the genus Euphorbia, against polio, coxsackie, and rhinoviruses (Vlietinck et al. 1986, 1995, Ninomiya et al. 1990, Unander et al. 1995. Additionally, antitumour activity against sarcoma 180 ascites, leukemia in mice, and cytotoxic activity against certain cancer cell lines has also been observed (Itokawa et al. 1989, Wu et al. 1991, Fatope et al. 1996.There seems to be increasing possibility of finding biological activity among plants with recorded medicinal uses rather than from plants randomly selected (Unander et al. 1995, Cordell 1995. Furthermore, selection of plants gives better criteria for screening programs especially in its initial phases, compared to the screening of compounds isolated and/or purified from natural products (Kusumoto et al. 1995, Cordell 1995, Baker et al. 1995.Finally, the strategy for research and in vitro evaluation of biological activity of natural products, has changed in the past few years. One of the recent developments is the highly automated bioassay screening method based on colorimetric assays, that quantify the proliferation of cell cultures (Mosmann 1983, Denizot & Lang 1986). These techniques, considered rapid and inexpensive for the evaluation of antitumour (Carmichael et al. 1987, Rubinstein et al. 1990) and antiviral activity (Weislow et al. 1989) of a large number of natural products, have also permitted the isolation and purification of biologically active principles (Cordell 1995, Baker et al. 1995.The objective of our work was to evaluate, using colorimetric assays, the in vitro antiherpetic and cytotoxic activity of some Euphorbia species that are known in Colombia, to have traditional medical uses against skin infections such as ulcers, warts, cancers, tumors, and possibly diseases of viral origin (Garcia-Barriga 1974, Perez 1975, Vasquez 1982, Bernal & Correa 1990, Piñeros et al. 1992. MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant collection -The species were collected in different municipalities of the Department of Antioquia and deposited in the herbarium of the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. E. cotinifolia, was collected in Girardota, at a mean altitude of 350 m; a voucher specimen was deposited under the number HUA 115472. E. cestrifolia was collected in Guarne, at a mean altitude of 2,000 m; a voucher specimen was deposited under the number HUA 95065. E. tirucalli, E. arenaria, and E. pulcherrima were collected in Medellín, at a mean altitude of 450 m; voucher specimens were deposited under the numbers RC11383, HUA 55275, RC11384, respectively. The species E. heterophyla, E. cyatophora, E. graminea, E. cf. cotinifolia and Euphorbia sp. were collected in San Jerónimo, at a mean altitude of...

show abstract

“…An analogous situation exists with aciclovir, which is only 15% to 20% bioavailable after oral administration. Efforts have been made to develop an analogue, desciclovir, with better absorption properties [1].…”

Section: Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future prospects in antiviral therapy

Wiltink

1992

Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two important stumbling blocks to the development of effective and nontoxic antiviral drugs are the intracellular localization of the virus and the fact that a virus uses host cell functions to multiply. Therefore, new antiviral drugs must act on a virus-specific function. Most currently available useful antiviral drugs are the result of compound screening of large numbers of possible agents. Advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of the viral multiplication cycle and new laboratory techniques for determining the molecular sites of action have now made it possible to develop and screen new antiviral drugs in a more purposeful manner. Another possible option in antiviral therapy is combination therapy using drugs that enhance the therapeutic effect or diminish side-effects. The most promising new antiviral drugs are discussed according to the different steps they affect in the viral multiplication process. Combination therapy is also reviewed.

show abstract

Antiviral drugs

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Cytotoxicity and Anti - Herpes Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Cited for Management of HIV Conditions in Kakamega County – Kenya

Cytotoxicity and Anti - Herpes Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Cited for Management of HIV Conditions in Kakamega County – Kenya

Cytotoxic and Antiviral Activities of Colombian Medicinal Plant Extracts of the Euphorbia genus

Future prospects in antiviral therapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About