Antiviral Effects of Sulfated Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Microalga Gyrodinium impudicum Strain KG03

Abstract

The sulfated exopolysaccharide p-KG03, which is produced by the marine microalga Gyrodinium impudicum strain KG03, exhibited impressive antiviral activity in vitro (EC50 = 26.9 micro g/ml) against the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Depending on the p-KG03 concentration, the development of cytopathic effects in EMCV-infected HeLa cells was either inhibited completely or slowed. Moreover, p-KG03 did not show any cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells, even at concentrations up to 1000 microg/ml. The polysaccharide was purified by repeated precipitation in ethanol, followed by gel filtration. The p-KG03 polysaccharide had a molecular weight of 1.87 x 10(7), and was characterized as a homopolysaccharide of galactose with uronic acid (2.96% wt/wt) and sulfate groups (10.32% wt/wt). The biological activities of p-KG03 suggest that sulfated metabolites from marine organisms are a rich source of antiviral agents. This is the first reported marine source of antiviral sulfated polysaccharides against EMCV. The p-KG03 polysaccharide may be useful in the development of marine bioactive exopolysaccharide for biotechnological and pharmaceutical products.

Exploitation of marine algae: biogenic compounds for potential antifouling applications

“…Yim et al (2003) have used airlift balloon-type photobioreactors for production of sulphated exopolysaccharides from the marine microalga Gyrodinium impundicum. This is important because sulfated exopolysaccharides show strong antiviral activities against the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV; Yim et al 2004). It has been shown, using axenic cultivation, that it is possible to grow phototrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae, such as Synechocystis sp.…”

“…There have been numerous studies, across the globe, reporting the bioactivities of marine-sourced organisms (e.g. Tziveleka et al 2003;Peters et al 2003;Yim et al 2004;Iken and Baker 2003;Tsoukatou et al 2002;Bhosale et al 2002;de Nys and Steinberg 2002;Pereira et al 2002;Wilsanand et al 2001;Armstrong et al 2000;Abarzua et al 1999;Ko¨nig et al 1999a;Siddhanta et al 1997;Badria et al 1997;Bernan et al 1997;Carte 1996;Sato 1996;Dhawan et al 1993;Sridhar and Vidyavathi 1991). Biogenic compounds belonging to several classes of marine micro-and macro-algae have been identified over the last few decades, and their chemical constitution and pharmacological activity have been studied in detail (e.g.…”

Isolation and antioxidant property of the extracellular polysaccharide from Rhodella reticulata

“…They have been used as emulsifiers, as stabilizers and as texture enhances in food industry, and demonstrated to play important role as dietary free radical scavenger for the prevention of oxidative damage (Asker et al 2009). The sulfated extracellular polysaccharide p-KG03, which is produced by the marine microalga Gyrodinium impudicum strain KG03, exhibited impressive antiviral activity in vitro against the encephalomyocarditis virus (Yim et al 2004). The polysaccharide of Porphyridium sp.…”

Bioactive Compounds Derived from Microalgae Showing Antimicrobial Activities

“…Considering the present situation the discovery of antiviral compounds which were derived from algal bioactive compounds provide us a great relief. These compounds, which are tabulated in Table 2 [25][26][27][28] has a great prospective in the future.…”