Antiviral modes of action of the novel compound GLY‐15 containing pyrimidine heterocycle and moroxydine skeleton against tobacco mosaic virus

Abstract

BACKGROUND Plant virus diseases are difficult to prevent and control, causing serious economic losses to the agricultural production world. To develop new pesticides with antiviral activity, a serial of compounds containing the structure of pyrimidine and moroxydine were synthesized, among which GLY‐15 exhibited good antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), while the mechanism of antiviral activity remains to be clarified. RESULTS GLY‐15 treatment significantly inhibited the formation of necrotic spots caused by TMV in Nicotiana glutinosa, and effectively suppressed the systemic transportation of TMV expressing a reporter gene (p35S‐30B:GFP) in N. benthamiana and markedly reduced the accumulation of a movement deficient TMV in plants as well as viral RNA accumulation in tobacco protoplasts. The results of RNA sequencing showed that GLY‐15 induced significant differential expression of genes or pathways involved in the stress response, defense response and signal transduction, phytohormone response and metabolism. Among them, real‐time quantitative PCR validated that the expression of 12 critical genes such as heat shock protein, receptor kinase, cell‐wall‐related protein, disease‐related protein and glucan endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase were significantly up‐regulated. In addition, GLY‐15 triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induced the activity of several crucial defense related enzymes in plants. The results of molecular docking showed potential binding ability of GLY‐15 with TMV helicase and the coat protein. CONCLUSION This study provide valuable insights into antiviral mechanism of action for GLY‐15, which is expected to be applied as a pesticide for the management of plant viruses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Antiviral Mechanisms of Anisomycin Produced by Streptomyces albulus SN40 on Potato Virus Y

“…53 In addition, we have previously revealed that the binding affinity of pyrimidine moroxydine derivatives to the viral components (TMV CP and Hel) predicted by molecular docking positively correlated with the inhibitory effects of the compounds on the infection of TMV in plants. 4 In this study, the results of molecular docking indicated that anisomycin can potentially interact with viral proteins of TMV and PVY. The helicase domain of TMV replicase plays critical roles during viral replication, 54 while the coat protein is required for the genome assembly as well as in the systemic infection of the virus.…”

“…TMV and PVY are both enlisted in the top 10 important plant viruses in plant pathology and effective management of these viruses has become a significant issue . Until now, many lines of studies have been performed to screen and develop agents against TMV. − However, effective management for the control of potyviruses is still very limited.…”

WGCNA Identifies a Comprehensive Gene Co-Expression Network Associated with Development in autotetraploid potato tissues

“…The pesticide GLY-15 has a good antiviral activity against tobacco Mosaic virus in plants. It induces a stress response in plants, in which the expression of 12 key genes including glucan-1, 3-βglucosidase is significantly up-regulated [31]. Other studies have shown that glucan endo-1, 3-βglucosidase is involved in plant response to soil alkaline stress [32].…”

Morpholine Derivatives in Agrochemical Discovery and Development

“…69 Moreover, they found that orange peel essential oil was added to compound 67b as an auxiliary to display more satisfactory activity (Figure 12). Compound 68 70 was confirmed to possess inhibitory properties against systemic infection of TMV through the utilization of visualized viral infection. Furthermore, it demonstrated significant suppression of the RNA accumulation of TMV in individual tobacco cells (Figure 12).…”