Antiviral Potential of Selected Starter Cultures, Bacteriocins and d,l-Lactic Acid

Abstract

The antiviral potential of selected bacteria species [lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and micrococcaceae] was examined. By this, the effect of their cell-free supernatants as well as of certain species-related metabolites (sakacin A, nisin, and lactic acid) was investigated on different viruses after exposure at 24 °C for 3 days. Viruses were incubated with supernatants and metabolites in a dilution ratio of 1:10. Data for antiviral effects towards murine norovirus S99 (MNV), influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1), Newcastle disease virus Montana (NDV) and feline herpesvirus KS 285 (FHV) were generated in vitro simulating pH and temperature conditions according to raw sausage fermentations. Investigations showed no antiviral effect of sakacin A and nisin on MNV, H1N1, FHV and NDV. Furthermore, the antiviral potential of D,L-lactic acid was determined for MNV and H1N1. At raw sausage-related pH values (5.0-6.2) it could be shown that the virus titre for MNV and H1N1 was reduced by a maximum of 3.25 log and 2.5 log units, respectively. In addition, 29 culture supernatants of different bacteria species, mainly LAB and staphylococci, were tested for their antiviral activity against MNV. Only the cell-free supernatant of a Lb. curvatus strain showed a higher virus titre reduction of MNV by 1.25 log units compared to the control. Further studies on the characterisation of this cell-free supernatant were carried out, however, the antiviral substance could not be identified so far.

Antiviral effects of nisin, lysozyme, lactoferrin and their mixtures against bovine viral diarrhoea virus

“…In the experiment by Ly-Chatain et al [12], only very high concentrations of nisin (100,000 IU, i.e., 25 mg) after 10 min of contact decreased the titres of bacteriophages c2 and MS2 by 1 log. In the research performed by Lange-Starke et al [15], nisin did not demonstrate any effect against murine norovirus S99, influenza A virus A/WSN/33, Newcastle disease virus Montana and feline herpesvirus KS 285, even after a three-day contact at a temperature of 24 °C. These results agree with the lack of antiviral activity of nisin shown in our experiment (concentrations up to 25 μg/mL, contact time up to 60 min, range of temperatures 4–37 °C).…”

Depuration and Relaying: A Review on Potential Removal of Norovirus from Oysters

“…Various bacteriocins with antiviral activity have already been reported against several viruses, including herpes simplex type 1 (Todorov and others ), influenza virus (Serkedjieva and others ), and New Castle disease virus (Saeed and others ). Lange‐Starke and others () also reported a 1.25‐log reduction of MNV when lactic acid bacteria were applied; however, the active antiviral metabolite could not be identified.…”

Bacteriocins as a new generation of antimicrobials: toxicity aspects and regulations

“…lactis , including nisin, were shown as ineffective against HSV-1, murine norovirus, influenza A H1N1, Newcastle disease virus Montana or Feline Herpesvirus KS285 (Lange-Starke et al . 2014 ).…”