Antiviral screening of British Columbian medicinal plants

Abstract

One hundred methanolic plant extracts were screened for antiviral activity against seven viruses. Twelve extracts were found to have antiviral activity at the non-cytotoxic concentrations tested. The extracts of Rosa nutkana and Amelanchier alnifolia, both members of the Rosaceae, were very active against an enteric coronavirus. A root extract of another member of the Rosaceae, Potentilla arguta, completely inhibited respiratory syncytial virus. A Sambucus racemosa branch tip extract was also very active against respiratory syncytial virus while the inner bark extract of Oplopanax horridus partially inhibited this virus. An extract of Ipomopsis aggregata demonstrated very good activity against parainfluenza virus type 3. A Lomatium dissectum root extract completely inhibited the cytopathic effects of rotavirus. In addition to these, extracts prepared from the following plants exhibited antiviral activity against herpesvirus type 1: Cardamine angulata, Conocephalum conicum, Lysichiton americanum, Polypodium glycyrrhiza and Verbascum thapsus.

Sambucus nigra Extracts Inhibit Infectious Bronchitis Virus at an Early Point during Replication

“…S. nigra extracts are also characterized by a high content of antiviral flavonoid anthocyanins [42]. Additionally, the antiviral compound quercetin is largely present in both S. nigra and in Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon serviceberry) [43], a known inhibitor of the bovine coronavirus, in vitro [44]. Combined, these studies suggested that extracts of R. rosea, N. sativa, and S. nigra might possess broad antimicrobial or antiviral properties.…”

“…For example, extracts from A. alnifolia berries, branches, and leaves have chemicals (3-carreolyquinic acid and cyanidin 3-glucoside) that are found in S. nigra but not in R. rosea or N. sativa [42,71,73]. And indeed, A. alnifolia branch extracts inhibited the bovine coronavirus in vitro [44]. Finally, a currently unidentified chemical or combination of chemicals may be responsible for the ability of S. nigra extract to compromise IBV virion structure.…”

Methicillin-dirençli Staphylococcus aureus Bakterilerine Karşı Verbascum thapsus Bitkisinin Anti-Staphylococcal Aktivitesi

“…It is reported that V. thapsus has antiviral activity against influenza in chicken embryos (21). In a previous study, leaf extracts of this plant have been shown to be active against bovine herpes virus type 1, and showed slight antibacterial and antifungal activity (22)(23)(24). Methanol extract has been shown to be effective against mosquito larvae (25).…”

A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments

“…The antiviral and anti-tumor activity shown by Trichomanes reniforme is due to the presence of mangiferin, which can kill cancer cells and has anti-HIV effects (Guha et al, 1996). The antiviral activity of Pteris glycyrrhiza (McCutcheon et al, 1995), P. vulgare, and Polypodium aureum (Husson et al, 1986) has been documented. A new antiviral compound, woodorien, was derived and identified by Xu et al (1993).…”

“…(Basile et al, 1997), Adiantum lunulatum (Reddy et al, 2001), E. arvense (Joksic et al, 2003;Radulovic et al, 2006), S. tamariscina (Woo et al, 2005), A. capillus-veneris (Guha et al, 2004(Guha et al, , 2005Besharat et al, 2008), Athyrium pectinatum (Parihar et al, 2006), P. vittata (Singh et al, 2008b), P. multifida (Hu et al, 2008;Hum et al, 2008), Mecodium exsertum (Maridass, 2009), Selaginella involvens (Fig. 5g), S. inaequalifolia (Haripriya et al, 2010), S. pallescens (Rojas et al, 1999), Asplenium scolopendrium, Cystopteris fragilis, P. vulgare (Soare et al, 2012b), A. caudatum, A. evecta, Pteris confusa, P. argyraea, Lygodium microphyllum (Gracelin et al, 2012, Pteris biaurita (Dalli et al, 2007;de Britto et al, 2012), D. crassirhizoma (Lee et al, 2009), and various species (Maruzzella, 1961;McCutcheon et al, 1995). Furthermore, several studies (May, 1978;Dixit and Vohra, 1984;Dixit, 1992;Verma and Singh, 1995;Manandhar, 1996;Das, 1997;Singh, 1999;Benjamin and Manickam, 2007) have reported the antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of Equisetum ramosissimum (Fig.…”