Antiwear Additive Derived from Soybean Oil and Boron Utilized in a Gear Oil Formulation

Abstract

The synthesis of lubricant additives based on boron and epoxidized soybean oil are presented. These additives are made from a simple patent pending method involving a ring-opening reaction of the epoxidized oil. A couple of these borates were tested in soybean oil, polyalpha olefin basestock, group III basestock, and hexadecane. An aromatic additive was able to increase the oxidation onset of the basestocks by 14, 52, 48, and 49 °C, respectively, when used at 2% wt. The other additive was shown to reduce the wear scar diameter in a friction test when used in soybean oil basestock, from 0.61 mm down to 0.41 mm. These additives were also tested in a gear oil blend, and shown to reduce both wear and oxidation. They were also compatible with a popular additive, additive zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.

Evaluation of the Use of Vegetable Oils and Formulations as a Cutting Fluid in the Grinding of AISI 4340 Steel

“…For the CR and CR-A5 cutting uids, the changes in spectra were subtler and signalled a small reduction in intensity in the bands 1416 cm -1 and 1465 cm -1 , and an increase in the bands 1654 cm -1 and 1378 cm -1 . According to Navarra et al [28], and Sharma et al [29] bands in the 1400-to-1200-cm -1 regions are mainly attributed to the bending of CH 2 , CH 3 , and aliphatic groups. The only strong carbonyl peak from the vibrational elongation of triglyceride carbonyl groups was observed in vegetable oil spectra at about 1750 cm -1 .…”

A highly efficient antioxidant based on boron and a Schiff base bridged phenolic diphenylamine: synthesis, crystal structure and thermal and antioxidant properties

“…In addition, the synergistic effect of phenol and diphenylamine has encouraged researchers to combine them into one molecule to develop bifunctional antioxidants; for example, the Schiff base bridged phenolic diphenylamine 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{N-[4-(phenylamino)-phenyl]carboximidoyl}phenol (SPD) had better thermal stability and antioxidant efficiency than commonly used commercial antioxidants (Feng et al, 2017;Yu, Feng et al, 2017;Yu & Liu, 2018). On the other hand, the combination of boron and an antioxidant into one molecule has attracted much attention (Cai et al, 2010(Cai et al, , 2013 because the adsorption of B atoms on the metal surface can eliminate the catalytic effect of metals on the oxidation of a lubricating oil (Mamedova et al, 2017;Sharma et al, 2012). For example, two kinds of phenol-and N-containing borate esters were synthesized.…”

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Soybean Oil and Its Evaluation as a Biodegradable Multifunctional Additive in the Formulation of Eco-Friendly Lubricant

“…Erhan et al in U.S. Patent 7279448 B2 (2007) have described the use of poly­(hydroxy thioether) vegetable oil derivatives as antiwear/antifriction additives for environmental friendly industrial oils in automotive applications. Sharma et al have shown the application of an antiwear additive based on boron and epoxidised soybean oil in different base stocks. They have also evaluated the tribochemical properties of thioether hydroxy derivatives of soybean oil (prepared by incorporating sulfur in the epoxidized soy backbone) using ball-on-disk and four-ball test methods .…”

“…Erhan et al in U.S. Patent 7279448 B2 (2007) have described the use of poly(hydroxy thioether) vegetable oil derivatives as antiwear/antifriction additives for environmental friendly industrial oils in automotive applications. Sharma et al23 have shown the application of an antiwear additive based on boron and epoxidised soybean oil in different base stocks.…”