António de Spínola and the decolonization of Portuguese Africa

MacQueen, Norrie

doi:10.1080/09592299608406010

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…21 The decline in exports from Guinea-Bissau and the increase in exports from Angola and Mozambique validate the proposition that Portugal lost in Guinea-Bissau but was triumphant in Angola and Mozambique. 23 In the end, insurgents had only a tenuous grip on small areas of Mozambique. Their constituency was limited to a particular ethnic group, and by no means did they achieve universal support.…”

Section: Coding the Military Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some analysts contend that Portugal thoroughly decimated insurgent forces, while others counter that FRELIMO was on the verge of victory. 15 Most historians, however, are either ambiguous about the outcome or confl ate Portuguese counterinsurgency operations with political discord in Lisbon. For example, Richard Leonard believes 'the most dramatic testimony of the Portuguese military failure is of course the coup in Portugal.'…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Colonial War revisited

Treistman¹

2012

African Security Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Coding the Military Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Colonial War revisited

Treistman¹

2012

African Security Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…2 For the MPLA, Marxism-Leninism appeared to provide the key to rapidly overcoming underdevelopment and the party officially adopted the ideology in 1976. The influence of Marxism-Leninism was further strengthened by the close political relationship that developed with the Eastern Bloc countries, a consequence of the decisive role of Soviet assistance and Cuban forces in defending the MPLA against UNITA and South Africa (MacQueen 1997). Therefore, the Soviet model of central planning inspired the new government to enforce wideranging price controls, to fix the exchange rate, and to nationalize large-and smallprivate enterprises together with land and the financial system (Aguilar and Zejan 1993).…”

Section: Angola's Economy In Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angola’s Incomplete Transition

Aguilar¹

2003

From Conflict to Recovery in Africa

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Angola's difficulties in achieving macro-economic stability and economic liberalization have serious implications for private-sector development. Hyperinflation, and frequent policy reversal, constrain and distort investment in both the informal and formal parts of the private sector. But macro-economic instability arises in part out of mechanisms that subsidize powerful oligopolies, enabling them to capture a portion of the large oil rents. These subsidies, together with market controls, enable the oligopolies to profit at the expense of small-and micro-enterprises, thereby hindering the creation of more employment for Angola's poor. Therefore the new private sector that is evolving in Angola owes its character to three factors: the course of the war; the country's natural resource windfall; and the way in which liberalization and privatization have been pursued.

show abstract

An Ill Wind? Rethinking the Angolan Crisis and the Portuguese Revolution, 1974–1976

MacQueen¹

2002

Itinerario

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Just before midnight on 10 November 1975 Portugal's high commissioner in Angola, along with the last remnants of the Portuguese army in Africa, embarked for Lisbon. Earlier in the day he had formally transferred sovereignty not to a successor government but to ‘the Angolan people’, a formulation which permitted Portugal to ‘decolonise’ without taking sides in the civil war which was at that time reaching its climax in Angola. Immediately the perfunctory ceremony in Luanda ended, the Portuguese officials left at speed for the harbour and the relative safety of their ships which departed immediately. Thus ended Portugal's 500-year empire in Africa. It is tempting to see Portugal's indecorous withdrawal from Angola as an emblematic climax to an increasingly destructive relationship with the former jewel in its African crown. In this view, the chaotic circumstances of Angola's road to independence had brought Portugal's own fragile and unstable post-revolutionary state to the point of destruction. Yet a quite different view can be proposed. The political and diplomatic challenges thrown down by the Angolan crisis might be seen, on the contrary, to have had a ‘disciplining’ effect on a revolutionary process in Portugal which was threatening to spin out of control as a result of its own internal pressures. Arguably, rather than exacerbating these pressures, the demands of events in Angola had a unifying effect on an otherwise fragmenting state.

show abstract

António de Spínola and the decolonization of Portuguese Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

The Colonial War revisited

The Colonial War revisited

Angola’s Incomplete Transition

An Ill Wind? Rethinking the Angolan Crisis and the Portuguese Revolution, 1974–1976

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About